Smart cities of the future
Smart cities of the future
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DOI：
10.1140/epjst/e2012-01703-3
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发表时间：
2012-11-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Portugali, Y.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Batty, M.;Axhausen, K. W.;Portugali, Y.
在这里，我们勾勒出构成智能城市的基本要素，我们将其定义为信息和通信技术与传统基础设施相融合，并使用新的数字技术进行协调和整合的城市。我们首先勾勒出我们的愿景，定义了七个目标，这些目标涉及：发展对城市问题的新理解；协调城市技术的有效和可行的方法；跨时空尺度使用城市数据的模型和方法；开发用于通信和传播的新技术；开发新的城市治理和组织形式；定义与城市、交通和能源相关的关键问题；以及识别智能城市中的风险、不确定性和危险。为此，我们增加了六项研究挑战：通过管理、控制和优化，将智慧城市的基础设施与其运营功能和规划联系起来；探索城市作为创新实验室的概念；提供城市模拟组合，为未来的设计提供信息；开发确保公平、公平并实现更好的城市生活质量的技术；开发确保知情参与并为民主城市治理创造共享知识的技术；以及确保城市人口更大、更有效地流动和获得机会。我们首先定义最先进的技术，解释智能城市的科学。我们定义了六种情景，这些情景基于以下几个方面：将自己标榜为智能城市的新城市，将自身再生为智能城市的老城市，专注于高科技的科技园、科技城市和科技城市的发展，使用当代信息和通信技术开发城市服务，利用信息和通信技术开发新的城市智能功能，以及发展在线和移动参与形式。然后提出了七个项目领域：智慧城市的综合数据库、传感、联网和新社交媒体的影响、模拟网络性能、机动性和出行行为、模拟城市土地使用、交通和经济互动、模拟劳动力和住房市场的城市交易活动、作为城市智能的决策支持、智慧城市的参与性治理和规划结构。最后，我们预测了这项研究中将发生的范式转变，并确定了一系列关键的示范，我们认为这些示范对智能城市科学的进步是重要的。
Here we sketch the rudiments of what constitutes a smart city which we define as a city in which ICT is merged with traditional infrastructures, coordinated and integrated using new digital technologies. We first sketch our vision defining seven goals which concern: developing a new understanding of urban problems; effective and feasible ways to coordinate urban technologies; models and methods for using urban data across spatial and temporal scales; developing new technologies for communication and dissemination; developing new forms of urban governance and organisation; defining critical problems relating to cities, transport, and energy; and identifying risk, uncertainty, and hazards in the smart city. To this, we add six research challenges: to relate the infrastructure of smart cities to their operational functioning and planning through management, control and optimisation; to explore the notion of the city as a laboratory for innovation; to provide portfolios of urban simulation which inform future designs; to develop technologies that ensure equity, fairness and realise a better quality of city life; to develop technologies that ensure informed participation and create shared knowledge for democratic city governance; and to ensure greater and more effective mobility and access to opportunities for urban populations. We begin by defining the state of the art, explaining the science of smart cities. We define six scenarios based on new cities badging themselves as smart, older cities regenerating themselves as smart, the development of science parks, tech cities, and technopoles focused on high technologies, the development of urban services using contemporary ICT, the use of ICT to develop new urban intelligence functions, and the development of online and mobile forms of participation. Seven project areas are then proposed: Integrated Databases for the Smart City, Sensing, Networking and the Impact of New Social Media, Modelling Network Performance, Mobility and Travel Behaviour, Modelling Urban Land Use, Transport and Economic Interactions, Modelling Urban Transactional Activities in Labour and Housing Markets, Decision Support as Urban Intelligence, Participatory Governance and Planning Structures for the Smart City. Finally we anticipate the paradigm shifts that will occur in this research and define a series of key demonstrators which we believe are important to progressing a science of smart cities.