Standing on Apollo's Shoulders: A Microseismometer for the Moon
Standing on Apollo's Shoulders: A Microseismometer for the Moon
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DOI：
10.3847/psj/abd63b
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发表时间：
2021-02-01
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Panning, Mark P. P.
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文献类型：
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作者：
Nunn, Ceri;Pike, William T. T.;Panning, Mark P. P.
1969年至1972年，阿波罗宇航员在月球上部署了地震仪，探测到了月球地震和撞击，加深了我们对月球内部的了解。目前正在计划几项月球任务，包括商业月球有效载荷服务(CLP)、月球地球物理网络和宇航员计划Artemis。我们提出了一种用于月球的微地震计：硅地震组件(SSP)。SSP的传感器是硅腐蚀的，预计噪声底限在2x 10-10(m S-2)/根赫兹以下，介于0.3至3赫兹之间(类似于阿波罗仪器在0.3至0.5赫兹之间，但优于阿波罗高于0.5赫兹)。SSP将用三个三轴配置的传感器测量水平和垂直运动。该仪器对高冲击和振动具有很强的耐受性，工作范围从-80摄氏度到+60摄氏度，允许在恶劣条件下部署。该传感器的第一代版本SEIS-SP于2018年部署在火星上，作为洞察力任务地震包的一部分。我们将重新配置地震仪以适应月球较低的重力。我们估计，一台运行一年的SSP仪器将探测到信噪比超过2.5的大约74个事件，以及噪声下限以上的额外500个事件。在CLPS着陆器上进行的从月球黎明到黄昏的任务可以在现场测试该仪器，并为未来广泛的网络提供宝贵的信息。
Seismometers deployed on the Moon by the Apollo astronauts from 1969 to 1972 detected moonquakes and impacts, and added to our understanding of the lunar interior. Several lunar missions are currently being planned, including the Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS), the Lunar Geophysical Network, and the astronaut program Artemis. We propose a microseismometer for the Moon: the Silicon Seismic Package (SSP). The SSP's sensors are etched in silicon, and are predicted to have a noise floor below 2x 10-10 (m s-2) / root Hz between 0.3 and 3 Hz (similar to the Apollo instruments between 0.3 and 0.5 Hz, and better than Apollo above 0.5 Hz). The SSP will measure horizontal and vertical motion with the three sensors in a triaxial configuration. The instrument is robust to high shock and vibration and has an operational range from -80 degrees C to +60 degrees C, allowing deployment under harsh conditions. The first-generation version of this sensor, the SEIS-SP, was deployed on Mars in 2018 as part of the InSight mission's seismic package. We will reconfigure the seismometer for the lower gravity of the Moon. We estimate that a single SSP instrument operating for one year would detect around 74 events above a signal-to-noise ratio of 2.5, as well as an additional 500+ above the noise floor. A mission lasting from lunar dawn until dusk, carried on a CLPS lander, could test the instrument in situ, and provide invaluable information for an extensive future network.