Distributed under Creative Commons Cc-by 4.0 Short-term Fertilizer Application Alters Phenotypic Traits of Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria
Distributed under Creative Commons Cc-by 4.0 Short-term Fertilizer Application Alters Phenotypic Traits of Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria
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通讯作者：
Anna K. Simonsen;Shery Han;Philip Rekret;C. Rentschler;Katy D. Heath;J. Stinchcombe
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作者：
Anna K. Simonsen;Shery Han;Philip Rekret;C. Rentschler;Katy D. Heath;J. Stinchcombe
施肥是一种常见的人为改变陆地系统。增加养分输入可以直接通过改变土壤环境或间接通过植物-微生物反馈影响土壤微生物多样性或功能，对生态重要的植物相关互利者产生潜在的重要影响。我们研究了植物肥料的影响，包含所有常见的宏量和微量营养素的共生固氮细菌（根瘤菌），一组细菌，是重要的植物生产力和生态系统功能。我们收集根瘤菌根瘤菌株从自然领域的土壤，经过一个单一的生长季节与缓释植物肥料处理，并比较表型性状相关的自由生活的增长和主机合作伙伴的质量，这些菌株的根瘤菌从未施肥的土壤。通过一系列在温室条件下的单次接种试验，我们发现，从施肥的田间土壤中分离到的菌株为豆科植物宿主提供了更高的互利效益。通过在不同植物肥料浓度的培养基上的生长试验，我们发现植物肥料通常有利于根瘤菌的生长。从施肥的田间土壤中分离的根瘤菌有较高的生长速度，在植物肥料的存在下，从未施肥的田间土壤中的菌株相比，表明植物肥料的应用有利于根瘤菌菌株具有较高的能力，利用肥料的自由生活的增长。我们发现，肥料和互利共生的利益之间的增长反应，从施肥的田间土壤中的菌株之间的正相关性，表明变量植物肥料诱导上下文相关的遗传相关性，可能会改变任何性状的进化轨迹，通过增加性状的依赖性。我们的研究表明，短期施用足以直接通过土壤化学变化或间接通过改变宿主豆类反馈来改变种群或群落中根瘤菌分离株的组成，并且可能是作用于自然的强选择剂。根瘤菌种群。Simonsen et al.（2015），Short-term fertilizer application alters phenotypic traits of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
Fertilizer application is a common anthropogenic alteration to terrestrial systems. Increased nutrient input can impact soil microbial diversity or function directly through altered soil environments, or indirectly through plant-microbe feedbacks, with potentially important effects on ecologically-important plant-associated mutualists. We investigated the impacts of plant fertilizer, containing all common macro and micronutrients on symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria (rhizobia), a group of bacteria that are important for plant productivity and ecosystem function. We collected rhizobia nodule isolates from natural field soil that was treated with slow-release plant fertilizer over a single growing season and compared phenotypic traits related to free-living growth and host partner quality in these isolates to those of rhizobia from unfertilized soils. Through a series of single inoculation assays in controlled glasshouse conditions, we found that isolates from fertilized field soil provided legume hosts with higher mutualistic benefits. Through growth assays on media containing variable plant fertilizer concentrations, we found that plant fertilizer was generally beneficial for rhizobia growth. Rhizobia isolated from fertilized field soil had higher growth rates in the presence of plant fertilizer compared to isolates from unfertilized field soil, indicating that plant fertilizer application favoured rhizobia isolates with higher abilities to utilize fertilizer for free-living growth. We found a positive correlation between growth responses to fertilizer and mutualism benefits among isolates from fertilized field soil, demonstrating that variable plant fertilizer induces context-dependent genetic correlations, potentially changing the evolutionary trajectory of either trait through increased trait dependencies. Our study shows that short-term application is sufficient to alter the composition of rhizobia isolates in the population or community, either directly though changes in the soil chemistry or indirectly through altered host legume feedbacks, and is potentially a strong selective agent acting on natural rhizobia populations. How to cite this article Simonsen et al. (2015), Short-term fertilizer application alters phenotypic traits of symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria.