Endemism in the Australian flora
Endemism in the Australian flora
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-2699.2001.00524.x
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发表时间：
2001-02-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Monro, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Crisp, MD;Laffan, S;Monro, A
目的检测中心的维管植物特有在大陆范围内通过分析基于分布的数据，并与任何模式的环境因素和history.Location Australia.Methods存在的8468种子植物种级类群在整个澳大利亚大陆和塔斯马尼亚州绘制在1度网格可视化的物种丰富度的模式。这个样本包含了已知植物群的一半。计算了三个特有性指数，但我们更喜欢一个与物种丰富度无关的指数，以便在实践中区分这两个概念。通过简单的绘图和空间自相关分析（SAC）检测到的特有中心。线性回归被用来研究物种丰富度和特有性的模式，纬度，地形和climate.Results的关系，物种丰富度和特有性在整个大陆的变化很大，但在大多数情况下，相同的中心都很高的丰富度和特有性。确定了12个不同的中心。多样性和特有性的主要中心是澳大利亚西南部、新南威尔士州和昆士兰州之间的边境山脉、凯恩斯附近的湿热带、塔斯马尼亚和东开普省约克半岛的艾恩-麦克伊尔瑞斯山脉。最后一个中心似乎比过去的作者所承认的更重要。无论这是一个真正的澳大利亚中心的特有现象，或在很大程度上是一个离群的巴布亚新几内亚的植物群，探讨。另一个中心，在阿德莱德袋鼠岛地区，已被忽视完全由以前的作者。回归分析没有发现一个简单的气候解释所观察到的模式。有人建议，1度细胞内的地形变化可能与特有性呈正相关，这与山区作为避难所的功能是一致的。一个明显的结果是，所有主要的地方性中心都靠近沿海。一个可能的解释是，更新世中央沙漠的扩张一直是一个强大的限制生存的避难所狭隘的地方性物种。所有的地方性中心都位于末次盛冰期（距今18,000年）扩大的干旱区的估计范围之外。特别是博登和吉文（1995年）的“澳大利亚中部山脉植物多样性和特有性中心”被认为是一个强大的物种丰富度中心，但根本不是一个特有性中心。这是尽管很好的采样该region.Main结论特有现象可以区分物种丰富度，通过使用适当的指数和映射等指数可以检测中心的特有现象。这项研究证明了基于标本的分布数据的价值，如在国家植物标本馆和博物馆。
Aim To detect centres of vascular plant endemism at a continental scale by analysis of specimen-based distributional data and to relate any pattern to environmental factors and history.Location Australia.Methods Presence of 8468 seed plant species-level taxa throughout continental Australia and Tasmania was mapped on a 1 degrees grid to visualize the pattern of species richness. This sample comprises half the known flora. Three indices of endemism were calculated but we preferred one that is unrelated to species richness, so that these two concepts could be distinguished in practice. Centres of endemism were detected by simple mapping and by spatial autocorrelation analysis (SAC). Linear regression was used to examine the relationship of the patterns of species richness and endemism to latitude, topography and climate.Results Both species richness and endemism vary greatly across the continent but in most cases the same centres were high in both richness and endemism. Twelve distinct centres were identified. The major centres of both diversity and endemism are south-west western Australia, the Border Ranges between New South Wales and Queensland, the Wet Tropics near Cairns, Tasmania and the Iron-McIlwraith Range of eastern Cape York Peninsula. The last centre appears to be more significant than recognized by past authors. Whether this is a true Australian centre of endemism, or is largely an outlier of the flora of Papua New Guinea, is explored. Another centre, in the Adelaide-Kangaroo Island region, has been overlooked altogether by previous authors. Regression analysis did not find a simple climatic explanation of the observed patterns. There was a suggestion that topographic variation within the 1 degrees cells may be positively correlated with endemism, which is consistent with mountainous regions functioning as refugia. One clear result is that all the major centres of endemism are near-coastal. A likely explanation is that Pleistocene expansions of the central desert have been a powerful limitation on the viability of refugia for narrowly endemic species. All the centres of endemism lie outside the estimated limits of the expanded arid zone at the last glacial maximum (18,000 yr BP). In particular, the 'Central Australian Mountain Ranges centre of plant diversity and endemism' of Boden & Given (1995) is detected as a strong centre of species richness, but not at all as a centre of endemism. This is despite good sampling of this region.Main conclusions Endemism can be distinguished from species richness by using an appropriate index and mapping of such indices can detect centres of endemism. This study demonstrates the value of specimen based distributional data, such as is held in state herbaria and museums.