Local modulation of intestinal ion transport by enteric neurons.
Local modulation of intestinal ion transport by enteric neurons.
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肠神经元对肠离子转运的局部调节。
DOI：
10.1152/ajpgi.1983.244.5.g457
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发表时间：
1983
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
E. Tapper
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Tapper
自主神经系统控制肠离子转运的原理需要包括肠神经系统（ENS）的新概念。基于对肌肠丛神经控制的研究，ENS对肠道运输的控制很可能是通过局部机制发生的。体外转运研究和有限数量的粘膜细胞放射受体结合研究支持这样的观点，即假定的神经递质通过直接作用于粘膜受体而改变转运。体内和体外研究不能单独揭示神经递质与肠神经元相互作用时可能具有的间接转运作用。神经递质的摄取和释放研究表明，去甲肾上腺素（NE）诱导的吸收可能受到局部NE突触前神经元机制的调节。内源性NE释放可被烟碱和血管紧张素增强，而被毒蕈碱和肾上腺素或前列腺素降低。突触前神经元调节内源性乙酰胆碱（ACh）释放和ACh诱导分泌的机制尚不明确。肠道转运可能通过负反馈、神经元间或突触间的突触前机制来控制。我们认为运输是由主要神经递质NE和ACh之间的平衡控制的。这些神经递质可能受到位于神经元或肠内分泌细胞中的神经活性肽的调节。传出神经元可以调节神经肽从肠内分泌细胞释放到粘膜细胞的管腔侧或抗管腔侧。肠转运也可能受到引起肠内分泌细胞释放神经肽的管腔因子或作用于感觉传入神经元和内在神经元反射的特殊管腔受体的控制。因此，ENS对肠道运输的局部调节代表了一个精细调节的神经元系统，具有复杂的相互关系，类似于中枢神经系统中的许多相互关系。
Principles of autonomic nervous system control of intestinal ion transport need to include the newer concepts of the enteric nervous system (ENS). Based on studies of nervous control of the myenteric plexus, it is likely that ENS control of intestinal transport occurs through local mechanisms. In vitro transport studies and a limited number of radioreceptor-binding studies in mucosal cells support the notion that putative neurotransmitters alter transport by acting directly with mucosal receptors. In vivo and in vitro studies cannot alone uncover the indirect transport effects that neurotransmitters may have when they interact with enteric neurons. Studies focused on uptake and release of neurotransmitters suggest that norepinephrine (NE)-induced absorption may be modulated by local NE presynaptic neuronal mechanisms. Endogenous NE release may be enhanced by nicotinic and angiotensin II agents but decreased by muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic agents or prostaglandins. Presynaptic neuronal mechanisms that modulate endogenous acetylcholine (ACh) release and ACh-induced secretion are less well defined. Intestinal transport may be controlled by negative feedback, interneuronal, or transsynaptic presynaptic mechanisms. We propose that transport is controlled by a balance between the principal neurotransmitters NE and ACh. These neurotransmitters may be modulated by neuroactive peptides located either in neurons or in enteroendocrine cells. Efferent neurons may modulate release of neuropeptides from enteroendocrine cells into the luminal or antiluminal sides of mucosal cells. Intestinal transport also may be controlled by luminal factors that cause neuropeptide release from enteroendocrine cells or by specialized luminal receptors acting on sensory afferent neurons and intrinsic neuronal reflexes. Therefore, local modulation of intestinal transport by the ENS represents a finely tuned neuronal system with complex interrelations similar to many found in the central nervous system.