Egalitarianism and the Returns to Education during the Great Transformation of American Education
Egalitarianism and the Returns to Education during the Great Transformation of American Education
复制标题
美国教育大变革中的平等主义与教育回归
DOI：
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发表时间：
1999
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
C. Goldin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Goldin
从1910年到1940年，美国的中学教育得到了极大的发展，使其受教育程度有别于其他所有国家。1910年，只有10%的年轻人是高中毕业生，但到20世纪30年代中期，中等水平的年轻人拥有高中文凭。在一些地区，到20世纪30年代，入学率和毕业率上升到20年后的水平。这里讨论的问题涉及到受过良好教育的劳动力供应大量增加对经济的影响。有证据表明普通白领工人的工资溢价急剧下降。随着高中数量的增加，大量的美国人开始争夺梦寐以求的白领岗位。尽管在第二次世界大战前夕，重返高中一年的人数仍然相当可观，但平等主义为相当一部分美国人提供了公平的竞争环境。
Secondary school education greatly expanded in the United States from 1910 to 1940, setting its schooling attainment apart from that of all other countries. Barely 10 percent of youth were high school graduates in 1910, but by the mid 1930s the median youth had a high school diploma. In some regions, by the 1930s enrollment and graduation rates rose to levels that were as high as they would be two decades later. The issue addressed here concerns the economic impact of the large increase in the supply of educated labor. Evidence is presented concerning the sharp decline in the wage premium to ordinary white‐collar workers. With the expansion of the high school, large numbers of Americans competed for positions in the coveted white‐collar sector. Although the return to a year of high school remained considerable on the eve of World War II, egalitarianism had evened the playing field for a substantial segment of Americans.