The Effects of Social Contact on Drug Use: Behavioral Mechanisms Controlling Drug Intake
The Effects of Social Contact on Drug Use: Behavioral Mechanisms Controlling Drug Intake
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DOI：
10.1037/a0034669
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发表时间：
2014-02-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Smith, Mark A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Strickland, Justin C.;Smith, Mark A.
社会环境在决定一个人使用毒品或发展成吸毒障碍的可能性方面起着关键作用。最近从临床前研究中获得的证据表明，近端社会因素（即，那些在接触毒品时立即出现的因素）对寻求毒品和吸毒行为都产生特别强烈的影响。这些研究表明，药物的奖励和强化作用取决于（a）其他人是否立即在场，（B）这些人是否也在使用药物，从而促进了我们对社会环境在药物使用中的作用的理解。此外，临床前文献研究了社会学习在非药物依赖者行为中的作用，揭示了一些社会接触可能影响药物使用的行为机制，以及可能改变社会环境以预防或减少药物使用的潜在方式。需要进行更多的研究，以确定社会接触对吸毒影响的潜在年龄和性别差异，确定目前不同药物类别的研究结果的普遍性，并确定社会接触在吸毒障碍不同过渡阶段对吸毒的作用;但是，现在有足够的证据开始在临床和风险人群中实施社会干预。
The social environment plays a critical role in determining the likelihood that an individual will use drugs or will develop a drug use disorder. Recent evidence obtained from preclinical studies reveals that proximal social factors (i.e., those factors that are immediately present at the time of drug exposure) exert a particularly strong influence on both drug-seeking and drug-taking behavior. These studies are advancing our understanding of the role of the social environment in drug use by showing that the rewarding and reinforcing effects of drugs depend on (a) whether other individuals are immediately present and (b) whether those individuals are also using drugs. Furthermore, the preclinical literature examining the role of social learning in behavior maintained by nondrug reinforcers reveals a number of behavioral mechanisms by which social contact may influence drug use, as well as potential ways the social environment may be modified to prevent or reduce drug use. Additional research is needed to determine potential age and sex differences in the effects of social contact on drug use, to determine the generality of the current findings across different pharmacological classes of drugs, and to determine the role of social contact on drug intake during different transitional stages of drug use disorders; however, enough evidence now exists to begin implementing social interventions in clinical and at-risk populations.