Gonadal steroid hormones and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis.
Gonadal steroid hormones and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.yfrne.2013.11.001
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发表时间：
2014-04
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Weiser MJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Handa RJ;Weiser MJ
下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴是控制肾上腺糖皮质激素分泌的复杂神经内分泌反馈回路。其功能的中心是下丘脑室旁核（PVN），其中神经元表达促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子驻留。这些HPA运动神经元是导致对生理和心理压力源的分级内分泌反应的主要整合位点。在产生适当的反应之前，必须考虑一个重要的调节因素是动物的生殖状态。因此，PVN神经元表达雄激素和雌激素受体，并接受来自同样表达这些受体的部位的输入。因此，生殖和性腺类固醇水平的变化调节应激反应，这是HPA轴功能性别差异的基础。本文综述了下丘脑垂体性腺轴和下丘脑垂体性腺轴的组成，以及在探索对环境应激的正常和病理反应时应考虑的两者之间的相互作用。
The hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis represents a complex neuroendocrine feedback loop controlling the secretion of adrenal glucocorticoid hormones. Central to its function is the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) where neurons expressing corticotropin releasing factor reside. These HPA motor neurons are a primary site of integration leading to graded endocrine responses to physical and psychological stressors. An important regulatory factor that must be considered, prior to generating an appropriate response is the animal’s reproductive status. Thus, PVN neurons express androgen and estrogen receptors and receive input from sites that also express these receptors. Consequently, changes in reproduction and gonadal steroid levels modulate the stress response and this underlies sex differences in HPA axis function. This review examines the make up of the HPA axis and hypothalamopituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and the interactions between the two that should be considered when exploring normal and pathological responses to environmental stressors.