Personality predicts decision making only when information is unreliable
Personality predicts decision making only when information is unreliable
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.07.009
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发表时间：
2013-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Cowlishaw, Guy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carter, Alecia J.;Marshall, Harry H.;Cowlishaw, Guy
当有关于当前条件的可靠信息时，应选择决策中的表型可塑性。然而，当目前的信息不可靠时，选择应该有利于反应迟钝的行为表型，这可能导致个性的出现。我们检验了一个假设，即当信息不可靠时，人格会影响决策，而当信息可靠时，人格不会影响决策。我们测量了两个人格特质，大胆和焦虑，在55野生查克玛狒狒，Papio ursinus，通过量化的反应，一种新的食物和轻微的威胁，分别在重复的现场实验。为了评估不同信息可靠性下的决策，我们记录了两种情况下的觅食决策。我们跟随狒狒自然觅食，并提供有关其环境的可靠信息（>8900个决定），为了在实验中操纵信息可靠性，我们进行了一项大规模的原位觅食实验，在此期间，我们为研究部队提供了实验性食物斑块（> 10000个决定）。重要的是，狒狒在仔细检查之前无法看到实验斑块中的食物，因此关于斑块质量的信息不可靠。我们发现塑料觅食的决定存在可靠的线索，但个性依赖的决定，在没有这样的线索。具体来说，大胆的人更有可能生产，害羞的人搜刮，在实验竞技场，但没有影响的性格觅食决定在自然觅食条件下。我们的研究结果阐明了信息可靠性在人格和可塑性进化中的重要性。这些发现也有助于我们理解个人，从而人口，可能会对未来的环境变化作出反应。(C)2013年，动物行为研究协会。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
Phenotypic plasticity in decision making should be selected for when reliable information on current conditions is available. When current information is unreliable, however, selection should favour unresponsive behavioural phenotypes, which might lead to the emergence of personalities. We tested the hypothesis that personality will affect decision making when information is unreliable, but not when it is reliable. We measured two personality traits, boldness and anxiety, in 55 wild chacma baboons, Papio ursinus, by quantifying responses to a novel food and a mild threat, respectively, in repeated field experiments. To assess decision making under different information reliabilities, we recorded foraging decisions in two contexts. We followed the baboons as they foraged naturally with reliable information about their environment (>8900 decisions) and, to manipulate information reliability experimentally, we performed a large-scale in situ foraging experiment during which we provided the study troops with access to experimental food patches (>10 000 decisions). Importantly, the baboons could not see the food in the experimental patches until close inspection of them, and thus had unreliable information about patch quality. We found plastic foraging decisions in the presence of reliable cues, but personality-dependent decisions in the absence of such cues. Specifically, bold individuals were more likely to produce, and shy individuals scrounge, in the experimental arena but there was no effect of personality on foraging decisions under natural foraging conditions. Our results clarify the importance of information reliability in the evolution of personality and plasticity. These findings also contribute to our understanding of how individuals, and thus populations, might respond to environmental change in the future. (C) 2013 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.