Gesture's role in speaking, learning, and creating language.
Gesture's role in speaking, learning, and creating language.
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143802
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
24.8
通讯作者：
Alibali MW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goldin-Meadow S;Alibali MW
当演讲者说话时，他们会做手势。本章的目标是了解这些手势对我们沟通和思考方式的贡献。手势可以在很多时候在沟通和思考中发挥作用。反过来，我们探索手势对当下语言的产生和理解的贡献；它对我们学习语言和其他认知技能的贡献；以及它对几代人、童年和当场创造语言的贡献。我们发现说话者说话时做出的手势是交流不可或缺的一部分，并且可以通过多种方式加以利用。 (1) 手势反映了说话者的想法，通常是他们未说出口的想法，因此可以作为认知的窗口。因此，鼓励说话者做出手势可以为教师、临床医生、采访者等提供另一条途径，以更好地了解他们的沟通伙伴。 (2)手势可以改变说话者的想法。因此，鼓励性的手势有可能改变学生、患者、证人等思考问题的方式，从而改变学习、治疗或交流的过程。 (3) 手势提供了可用于构建语言的构建块。通过观察还没有语言的儿童和成人如何将这些块组合在一起，我们可以直接观察语言创造的过程。我们的双手始终与我们同在，从而为研究人员和学习者提供了一个随时可用的工具来理解我们如何说话和思考。
When speakers talk, they gesture. The goal of this chapter is to understand the contribution that these gestures make to how we communicate and think. Gesture can play a role in communication and thought at many timespans. We explore, in turn, gesture’s contribution to how language is produced and understood in the moment; its contribution to how we learn language and other cognitive skills; and its contribution to how language is created over generations, over childhood, and on-the-spot. We find that the gestures speakers produce when they talk are integral to communication and can be harnessed in a number of ways. (1) Gesture reflects speakers’ thoughts, often their unspoken thoughts, and thus can serve as a window onto cognition. Encouraging speakers to gesture can thus provide another route for teachers, clinicians, interviewers, etc., to better understand their communication partners. (2) Gesture can change speakers’ thoughts. Encouraging gesture thus has the potential to change how students, patients, witnesses, etc., think about a problem and, as a result, alter the course of learning, therapy, or an interchange. (3) Gesture provides building blocks that can be used to construct a language. By watching how children and adults who do not already have a language put those blocks together, we can observe the process of language creation first hand. Our hands are with us at all times and thus provide researchers and learners with an ever-present tool for understanding how we talk and think.
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影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Alibali, MW;Flevares, LM;GoldinMeadow, S
通讯作者：
GoldinMeadow, S
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Alibali, MW;Heath, DC;Myers, HJ
通讯作者：
Myers, HJ
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Capirci, O;Iverson, JM;Volterra, V
通讯作者：
Volterra, V
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
BONVILLIAN, JD;ORLANSKY, MD;NOVACK, LL
通讯作者：
NOVACK, LL
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
CHAWLA, P;KRAUSS, RM
通讯作者：
KRAUSS, RM