Well-Water Consumption and Parkinson's Disease in Rural California
Well-Water Consumption and Parkinson's Disease in Rural California
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.0900852
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发表时间：
2009-12-01
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Ritz, Beate
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gatto, Nicole M.;Cockburn, Myles;Ritz, Beate
前言：研究人员假设饮用受农药污染的井水在帕金森病(PD)中起作用，先前的一些流行病学研究支持这一假设。目的：我们调查了在有记录的有农药使用历史的地区饮用私人井水是否与PD风险增加相关。方法：我们使用基于地理信息系统(GIS)的模型来估计368例帕金森环境和基因研究(PEG)登记的368例和341名对照人群中农业农药对井水的潜在污染。我们从26种化学物质中分别检测了6种杀虫剂(二氮磷、毒死蜱、克百威、百草枯、乐果和灭多威)，这些化学物质可能污染地下水或对钯有兴趣，而且至少有10%的人口接触过这些杀虫剂。结果：患者更有可能饮用私人井水，并且比对照组平均多消费4.3年(p=0.02)。灭多威[优势比(OR)=1.67；95%可信区间(CI)，1.00-2-78]、毒死蜱(OR=1.87；95%可信区间，1.05-3.31)和克霉威(OR=1.92；95%可信区间，1.15-3.20)的高水平井水污染导致帕金森病的相对风险增加约70%-90%。对周围环境中的农药暴露进行调整后，这些增加的幅度仅略有减弱。接触较多的水溶性农药和有机磷农药也增加了帕金森病的相对危险性。结论：本研究首次使用农业用药记录，增加了饮用可能被农药污染的井水在帕金森病的病因中的作用。
INTRODUCTION: Investigators have hypothesized that consuming pesticide-contaminated well water plays a role in Parkinson's disease (PD), and several previous epidemiologic studies support this hypothesis.OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether consuming water from private wells located in areas with documented historical pesticide use was associated with an increased risk of PD.METHODS: We employed a geographic information system (GIS)-based model to estimate potential well-water contamination from agricultural pesticides among 368 cases and 341 population controls enrolled in the Parkinson's Environment and Genes Study (PEG). We separately examined 6 pesticides (diazinon, chlorpyrifos, propargite, paraquat, dimethoate, and methomyl) from among 26 chemicals selected for their potential to pollute groundwater or for their interest in PD, and because at least 10% of our population was exposed to them.RESULTS: Cases were more likely to have consumed private well water and to have consumed it on average 4.3 years longer than controls (p = 0.02). High levels of possible well-water contamination with methomyl [odds ratio (OR) = 1.67; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.00-2-78]), chlorpyrifos (OR = 1.87; 95% CI, 1.05-3.31), and propargite (OR = 1.92; 95% CI, 1.15-3.20) resulted in approximately 70-90% increases in relative risk of PD. Adjusting for ambient pesticide exposures only slightly attenuated these increases. Exposure to a higher number of water-soluble pesticides and organophosphate pesticides also increased the relative risk of PD.CONCLUSION: Our study, the first to use agricultural pesticide application records, adds evidence that consuming well water presumably contaminated with pesticides may play a role in the etiology of PD.