Ebola – how a people’s science helped end an epidemic
Ebola – how a people’s science helped end an epidemic
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埃博拉——人民科学如何帮助结束流行病
DOI：
10.1080/13623699.2017.1294282
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
V. Taipale
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
V. Taipale
最终支持了操作环境越来越危险的说法，这反过来又支持了一个循序渐进的过程，验证了对安全专家及其相关指导方针、工具和技术的需求。从接下来对人道主义手册的分析来看，Beerli和Weissman进一步阐述了一些假设，包括标准化安全程序和技术战略的假定效用，以及人道主义理解和解释不断变化的环境动态以及与当地行动者建立和维持关系的能力的贬值。在最后的实践部分，回顾了中非共和国、叙利亚、高加索地区备受瞩目的事件，以及对无国界医生在也门的项目的简短研究，通过对不同地缘政治背景的详细描述，以及无国界医生在每个背景下行动的特殊性，提供了对安全事件更细致入微的解读。在采访切德格时，纽曼探讨了在2013-2014年冲突最严重期间，决定工作人员面临风险的内部流程和关键决策。切德格曾是无国界医生在中非共和国的紧急协调员。在接下来的章节中，Soussan描述了无国界医生2013年在叙利亚北部的项目，重点是伊斯兰国在该地区的崛起，以及对无国界医生安全提供医疗服务能力的最终影响。这一贡献提出了一些重要问题，即无国界医生共同管理保健设施，并利用有军事背景的保护者作为便利运送人道主义援助的手段。在书的最后一章，麦克莱恩描述了2002年无国界医生在达吉斯坦的负责人阿扬·埃克尔（Arjan Erkel）被绑架的情况，以及两年后他获释前采取的谈判策略和其他沟通策略。总的来说，这本书对正在进行的有关人道主义反应中的风险和安全的讨论作出了宝贵的贡献。这些当代的争论在本书的前两章中重新获得了它们丰富的历史，而现有的数据收集和分析形式，以及相关的技术安全文档，在接下来的部分中受到了严厉的批评。最后几章不仅举例说明了可用于更深入地了解安全事件的各种形式的详细定性分析，而且证明了当代危机中人道主义方案的复杂性。
ultimately supported the claim that operational contexts are increasingly dangerous, which in turn has bolstered a stepwise process that validates the need for security experts and their associated guidelines, tools and technologies. From the analysis of humanitarian manuals that follows, a number of assumptions are further expounded by Beerli and Weissman, including the supposed utility of standardized security procedures and technical strategies, and the devaluation of the humanitarian’s ability to understand and interpret shifting contextual dynamics, and to establish and maintain relationships with local actors. In the final Practice section, the review of high-profile events in the Central African Republic, Syria, the Caucasus and a shorter study of MSF’s projects in Yemen, offer a more nuanced reading of security incidents, aided by the detailed description of disparate geopolitical contexts, and the particularities of MSF operations in each setting. In an interview with Chedorge, previously an Emergency Coordinator for MSF in the Central African Republic, Neuman explores the internal processes and key decisions that determined the risk faced by staff during the height of the conflict in 2013–2014. In the following chapter, Soussan describes MSF’s projects in northern Syria in 2013, with a focus on the rise of the Islamic State in the region, and the eventual impact on MSF’s ability to deliver medical care safely. This contribution raises important questions of MSF’s co-management of health facilities and the use of protectors with military affiliations as a means to facilitate the delivery of humanitarian aid. In the final chapter, McLean describes the kidnapping of Arjan Erkel, then MSF’s Head of Mission in Dagestan in 2002, and the negotiation tactics and other communication strategies that were adopted before his release almost two years later. In its entirety, this book makes a valuable contribution to on-going discussions related to risk and security in humanitarian response. These contemporary debates regain their rich history in the book’s first two chapters, while existing forms of data collection and analysis, and associated technical security documents, are heavily critiqued in the section that follows. The final chapters not only exemplify the diverse forms of detailed qualitative analysis that can be used to gain a deeper understanding of security incidents, but stand as testament to the complexity of humanitarian programming in contemporary crises.