The contribution of ecosystem services to place utility as a determinant of migration decision-making
The contribution of ecosystem services to place utility as a determinant of migration decision-making
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DOI：
10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/015006
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Adger, W. Neil
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adams, Helen;Adger, W. Neil
环境移徙研究试图说明环境风险和资源是如何影响移徙和流动的。这一努力的一部分侧重于环境在通过提供生态系统服务提供安全生计方面的作用。然而，许多关于环境迁移联系的模型没有认识到社会和心理因素在移民决策中的重要性。在这里，我们试图通过调查人们对地点的依恋以及环境在创造这种依恋中的作用来提供一个更全面的环境变化下的移民决策模型。我们假设，环境因素通过对地点效用的贡献进入迁移决策过程，地点效用被定义为与地点的情感和工具联系的函数，而生态系统服务，即创造福祉的生态系统方面，对地点效用的两个组成部分都有贡献。我们在秘鲁沿海拔梯度抽样的四个农村高地居民点测试了这些想法。我们发现，非经济的生态系统服务在场所依恋的创造中是重要的，生态场所依恋独立于提供生态系统服务的使用而存在。个人对生态系统服务的态度因地点可用生态系统服务的类型和乡村程度而异。虽然社会和经济因素是这些地区移徙的主要驱动因素，但失去未提供的生态系统服务会导致地点效用和对地点的承诺减少，这是决定移徙决定的因素。研究结果表明，鼓励移徙作为对环境变化的适应的政策干预措施，如果只侧重于提供服务，其成功将是有限的。更广泛的个人将经历地点效用的下降，而移民将无法缓解这种下降，因为造成这种下降的因素是特定于地点的。
Environment migration research has sought to provide an account of how environmental risks and resources affect migration and mobility. Part of that effort has focused on the role of the environment in providing secure livelihoods through provisioning ecosystem services. However, many of the models of environment migration linkages fail to acknowledge the importance of social and psychological factors in the decision to migrate. Here, we seek to provide a more comprehensive model of migration decision-making under environmental change by investigating the attachment people form to place, and the role of the environment in creating that attachment. We hypothesize that environmental factors enter the migration decision-making process through their contribution to place utility, defined as a function of both affective and instrumental bonds to location, and that ecosystem services, the aspects of ecosystems that create wellbeing, contribute to both components of place utility. We test these ideas in four rural highland settlements in Peru sampled along an altitudinal gradient. We find that non-economic ecosystem services are important in creating place attachment and that ecological place attachment exists independently of use of provisioning ecosystem services. Individuals' attitudes to ecosystem services vary with the type of ecosystem services available at a location and the degree of rurality. While social and economic factors are the dominant drivers of migration in these locations, a loss of non-provisioning ecosystem services leads to a decrease in place utility and commitment to place, determining factors in the decision to migrate. The findings suggest that policy interventions encouraging migration as an adaptation to environmental change will have limited success if they only focus on provisioning services. A much wider set of individuals will experience a decrease in place utility, and migration will be unable to alleviate that decrease since the factors that create it are specific to place.