MADS-box genes are involved in floral development and evolution.
MADS-box genes are involved in floral development and evolution.
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DOI：
10.18388/abp.2001_3920
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发表时间：
2001
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
H. Saedler;A. Becker;Kai-Uwe Winter;Charlotte Kirchner;G. Theißen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Saedler;A. Becker;Kai-Uwe Winter;Charlotte Kirchner;G. Theißen
到目前为止，所有真核生物中的MADS-box基因都编码转录因子。植物MADS-box蛋白含有一个DNA结合区(M)、一个介导区(I)、一个角蛋白样区(K)和一个C端C-端，因此植物MADS-box蛋白属于MIKC型。在高等植物中，大多数特征良好的基因都与花的发育有关。它们控制着从营养生长到生殖生长的转变，并决定着花序分生组织的特性。它们规定了花器官的特性，如花发育的ABC模型所概述的那样。此外，在金鱼草中，MADS-box基因产物DEF/GLO和PLE控制着花芽发育中的细胞增殖。在这个物种中，DEF/GLO和SQUA蛋白形成了一个三元复合体，它决定了花的整体“波普兰”。从蕨类植物、裸子植物和高等真植物中获得的MADS-box序列的系统发育重建表明，尽管蕨类植物已经具有MIKC类型的基因，但这些基因与裸子植物或被子植物中已有的MADS-box基因并不是同源的。在不同的裸子植物中已经确定了花的同源异型B和C功能基因，这表明这些基因是在大约3-4亿年前进化的。裸子植物和被子植物也都含有一个迄今未知的B基因姐妹支系，我们称其为姐妹支系。将描述一种新的假说，认为B和B姐妹可能分别参与了男性和女性生殖器官的性别决定。
MADS-box genes encode transcription factors in all eukaryotic organisms thus far studied. Plant MADS-box proteins contain a DNA-binding (M), an intervening (I), a Keratin-like (K) and a C-terminal C-domain, thus plant MADS-box proteins are of the MIKC type. In higher plants most of the well-characterized genes are involved in floral development. They control the transition from vegetative to generative growth and determine inflorescence meristem identity. They specify floral organ identity as outlined in the ABC model of floral development. Moreover, in Antirrhinum majus the MADS-box gene products DEF/GLO and PLE control cell proliferation in the developing flower bud. In this species the DEF/GLO and the SQUA proteins form a ternary complex which determines the overall "Bauplan" of the flower. Phylogenetic reconstructions of MADS-box sequences obtained from ferns, gymnosperms and higher eudicots reveal that, although ferns possess already MIKC type genes, these are not orthologous to the well characterized MADS-box genes from gymnosperms or angiosperms. Putative orthologs of floral homeotic B- and C-function genes have been identified in different gymnosperms suggesting that these genes evolved some 300-400 million years ago. Both gymnosperms and angiosperms also contain a hitherto unknown sister clade of the B-genes, which we termed Bsister. A novel hypothesis will be described suggesting that B and Bsister might be involved in sex determination of male and female reproductive organs, respectively.