Associations between parental well-being and early learning at home before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: observations from the China Family Panel Studies.
Associations between parental well-being and early learning at home before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: observations from the China Family Panel Studies.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1163009
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Rao N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dong S;Rao N
与COVID-19相关的封锁和幼儿园关闭导致许多幼儿将所有时间都花在家里。一些父母不得不在家工作时管理儿童保育，增加的需求可能导致他们经历相当大的压力。有证据表明，在有年幼子女的父母中，那些先前存在精神和身体状况的父母比其他父母适应得更差。我们考虑了父母的幸福感和幼儿的家庭学习环境之间的关联。我们利用了具有全国代表性的中国家庭小组研究的数据。我们分析了疫情之前（2018年）和疫情期间（2020年）收集的纵向数据。参与者是1，155名学龄前儿童（2020年3-5岁）的父母。进行了适度的调解模式。2018年和2020年的母亲和父亲心理健康，抑郁，身体健康和身体疾病是预测因素。2020年婚姻和代际冲突的频率是中介因素。2020年，小学生报告的家庭学习活动参与度和家庭教育支出以及父母报告的儿童保育时间是结果变量。2020年评估前3个月各省的COVID-19病例数是调节因素。儿童，父母，家庭特征和城市化的协变量。控制协变量，父母心理健康的改善预测更多的家庭学习活动和父亲抑郁症的增加预测父亲花在照顾孩子上的时间减少。母亲身体健康的负向变化预示着家庭教育支出减少，母亲花在照顾孩子上的时间增加。家庭冲突在2018年母亲身体疾病与家庭教育支出之间起中介作用。一个省的COVID-19病例数（i）与母亲花更多时间照顾孩子呈正相关，（ii）调节了母亲身体健康改善与母亲花更少时间照顾孩子的关联，以及（iii）调节了家庭冲突与更多家庭教育支出的关联。研究结果表明，父母心理和身体健康的下降预示着对早期学习和家庭护理的货币和非货币投资的减少。区域性大流行病风险削弱了孕产妇对早期学习和护理的投资，特别是对那些先前存在身体状况的孕产妇。
COVID-19-related lockdowns and preschool closures resulted in many young children spending all their time at home. Some parents had to manage child care while working from home, and increased demands may have led them to experience considerable stress. Evidence indicates that among parents with young children, those who had pre-existing mental and physical conditions adapted less well than other parents. We considered associations between parental well-being and the home learning environment for young children. We leveraged data from the nationally representative China Family Panel Studies. We analyzed longitudinal data collected before (2018) and during (2020) the pandemic. Participants were parents of 1,155 preschoolers (aged 3–5 years in 2020). Moderated mediation models were conducted. Maternal and paternal psychological well-being, depression, physical health, and physical illness in 2018 and 2020 were predictors. The frequency of marital and intergenerational conflicts in 2020 were mediators. Primary caregiver-reported engagement in home learning activities and family educational expenditure and parent-reported time spent on child care in 2020 were outcome variables. The number of COVID-19 cases in each province 3 months before the 2020 assessment was the moderator. Child, parental, and household characteristics and urbanicity were covariates. Controlling for covariates, improvements in parental psychological well-being predicted more home learning activities and increases in paternal depression predicted less time spent by fathers on child care. Negative changes in maternal physical health predicted less family educational expenditure and mothers spending more time on child care. Family conflicts mediated the association between maternal physical illness in 2018 and family educational expenditure. The number of COVID-19 cases in a province (i) was positively associated with mothers spending more time on child care, (ii) moderated the association of improvements in maternal physical health and mothers spending less time on child care, and (iii) moderated the association of family conflicts and more family educational expenditure. The findings indicate that decreased parental psychological and physical well-being foretells reductions in monetary and non-monetary investment in early learning and care at home. Regional pandemic risk undermines maternal investment in early learning and care, especially for those with pre-existing physical conditions.