Medial orbitofrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens mediation in risk assessment behaviors in adolescents and adults.
Medial orbitofrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens mediation in risk assessment behaviors in adolescents and adults.
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内侧眶额皮层和伏隔核在青少年和成人风险评估行为中的调节。
DOI：
10.1038/s41386-022-01273-w
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Rosenkranz,JAmiel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Loh,MaxineK;Ferrara,NicoleC;Torres,JocelynM;Rosenkranz,JAmiel
风险评估行为对于收集风险信息和指导决策是必要的。青春期的风险决策会加剧，这可能是由于风险意识较低以及对与奖励相关的线索和经历的敏感性增加所致。青少年更多地参与高风险行为可能部分是由于有助于风险评估行为的回路的发展。伏隔核 (NAc) 活动与风险决策相关，并接收携带感官和情感信息的输入。也就是说，内侧眶额皮质 (MO) 有助于奖励概率引导的行为，并向 NAc (MO→NAc) 发送直接预测，这可能允许在成熟的回路中进行风险评估。在这里，我们评估了成年和青少年大鼠在高架十字迷宫（EPM）探索过程中的风险评估行为，包括伸展和注意姿势、低头和后仰。我们发现青少年比成年人表现出更少的 EPM 风险评估行为。我们还使用荧光顺行示踪剂 Fluoro-Ruby 在两个年龄组中量化了 MO→NAc 预测。标记的 MO→NAc 途径在成人中表现出比青少年更大的总荧光，表明 MO→NAc 纤维随着发育而增加。使用断开方法测量成人中 MO-NAc 通路的贡献，我们发现同侧 MO-NAc 失活不会改变风险评估行为；然而，MO-NAc 断开减少了伸展和护理姿势的数量。总之，这项工作表明 MO-NAc 途径的发展可能有助于风险评估中年龄依赖性的差异。
Risk assessment behaviors are necessary for gathering risk information and guiding decision-making. Risky decision-making heightens during adolescence, possibly as a result of low risk awareness and an increase in sensitivity to reward-associated cues and experiences. Higher adolescent engagement in high-risk behaviors may be, in part, due to developing circuits that contribute to risk assessment behaviors. Nucleus accumbens (NAc) activity is linked to risky decision-making and receives inputs carrying sensory and emotional information. Namely, the medial orbitofrontal cortex (MO) contributes to behavior guided by reward probability and sends direct projections to the NAc (MO→NAc), which may permit risk assessment in a mature circuit. Here, we evaluated risk assessment behaviors in adult and adolescent rats during elevated plus maze (EPM) exploration, including stretch and attend postures, head dips, and rears. We found that adolescents exhibited fewer EPM risk assessment behaviors than adults. We also quantified MO→NAc projections using a fluorescent anterograde tracer, Fluoro-Ruby, in both age groups. Labeled MO→NAc pathways exhibited greater total fluorescence in adults than in adolescents, indicating MO→NAc fibers increase over development. Using a disconnection approach to measure the contribution of the MO-NAc pathway in adults, we found that ipsilateral inactivation of the MO-NAc did not alter risk assessment behavior; however, MO-NAc disconnection reduced the number of stretch-and-attend postures. Together, this work suggests that the development of MO-NAc pathways can contribute to age-dependent differences in risk assessment.