Hypnotic manipulation of effort sense during dynamic exercise: cardiovascular responses and brain activation.
Hypnotic manipulation of effort sense during dynamic exercise: cardiovascular responses and brain activation.
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动态运动过程中对努力感的催眠操纵：心血管反应和大脑激活。
DOI：
10.1152/jappl.2001.90.4.1392
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发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Morgan,WP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Williamson,JW;McColl,R;Mathews,D;Mitchell,JH;Raven,PB;Morgan,WP
本研究的目的是在动态运动过程中催眠操纵努力感，并确定是否大脑皮层结构先前涉及的心血管反应的中枢调制被激活。6名健康志愿者（4名女性，2名男性）被筛选为高催眠性，在3个独立的三天中进行恒负荷运动，在3种催眠条件下进行研究，包括1）感知水平等级，2）感知下坡等级和3）感知上坡等级。使用方差分析比较了不同条件下几个部位的主观用力（RPE）、心率（HR）、血压（BP）和局部脑血流量（rCBF）分布。提示下坡骑车使左侧岛叶皮质和前扣带皮质的RPE [从13 ± 2降至11 ± 2（SD）单位;P< 0.05]和rCBF均降低，但不改变运动心率或血压反应。感知的上坡骑行引起RPE（从13 ± 2至14 ± 1单位）、HR（+16次/分钟）、平均BP（+7 mmHg）、右岛叶激活（+7.7 ± 4%）和右丘脑激活（+9.2 ± 5%）显著增加。不同条件下腿部感觉运动区域的rCBF没有差异。这些研究结果表明，在恒定负荷运动过程中，努力感的增加可以激活岛叶和丘脑区域，并提高心血管反应，但努力感的减少不会使心血管反应降低到维持代谢需要所需的水平以下。
The purpose of this investigation was to hypnotically manipulate effort sense during dynamic exercise and determine whether cerebral cortical structures previously implicated in the central modulation of cardiovascular responses were activated. Six healthy volunteers (4 women, 2 men) screened for high hypnotizability were studied on 3 separate days during constant-load exercise under three hypnotic conditions involving cycling on a1) perceived level grade,2) perceived downhill grade, and3) perceived uphill grade. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) distributions for several sites were compared across conditions using an analysis of variance. The suggestion of downhill cycling decreased both the RPE [from 13 ± 2 to 11 ± 2 (SD) units;P< 0.05] and rCBF in the left insular cortex and anterior cingulate cortex, but it did not alter exercise HR or BP responses. Perceived uphill cycling elicited significant increases in RPE (from 13 ± 2 to 14 ± 1 units), HR (+16 beats/min), mean BP (+7 mmHg), right insular activation (+7.7 ± 4%), and right thalamus activation (+9.2 ± 5%). There were no differences in rCBF for leg sensorimotor regions across conditions. These findings show that an increase in effort sense during constant-load exercise can activate both insular and thalamic regions and elevate cardiovascular responses but that decreases in effort sense do not reduce cardiovascular responses below the level required to sustain metabolic needs.
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