Oxytocin may mediate the benefits of positive social interaction and emotions
Oxytocin may mediate the benefits of positive social interaction and emotions
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DOI：
10.1016/s0306-4530(98)00056-0
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发表时间：
1998-11-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Uvnäs-Moberg, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Uvnäs-Moberg, K
在母乳喂养或哺乳期间，体感刺激会提高母亲的催产素水平。然而，催产素也可能通过触摸等非有害刺激释放出来？血浆和脑脊液中的温度等。因此，催产素可能在更广泛的背景下参与了社会互动所引起的生理和行为效应。在雄性和雌性大鼠中，催产素都具有强大的生理抗应激作用。如果每天重复注射催产素超过5天，血压会降低10-20毫米汞柱，对热刺激的戒断潜伏期延长，皮质醇水平降低，胰岛素和缩胆囊素水平升高。这些影响在最后一次注射后持续1到几周。反复应用催产素可促进体重增加，提高创面愈合率。催产素引起的大部分行为和生理效应可被催产素拮抗剂阻断。相反，抗应激作用不明显，提示可能存在不明原因的催产素受体。甩尾试验中延长的潜伏期可以被纳洛酮暂时逆转，这表明注射催产素增加了内源性阿片类药物的活性。相反，血压和皮质醇水平的长期降低以及催产素的镇静作用被发现与中枢α(2)肾上腺素受体活性的增加有关。积极的社会互动与促进健康的效果有关。对社会刺激做出反应而释放的催产素可能是神经内分泌底物的一部分，而神经内分泌底物是积极社会经历的好处的基础。这些过程还可以解释某些替代疗法的健康促进作用。由于催产素的特殊性质，包括它可以对心理状态或想象产生条件作用的事实，催产素也可能调节催眠或冥想等疗法的益处。(C)1998爱思唯尔科学有限公司。保留所有权利。
During breastfeeding or suckling, maternal oxytocin levels are raised by somatosensory stimulation. Oxytocin may, however, also be released by nonnoxious stimuli such as touch? warm temperature etc. in plasma and in cerebrospinal fluid. Consequently, oxytocin may be involved in physiological and behavioral effects induced by social interaction in a more general context. In both male and female rats oxytocin exerts potent physiological antistress effects. If daily oxytocin injections are repeated over a 5-day period, blood pressure is decreased by 10-20 mmHg, the withdrawal latency to heat stimuli is prolonged, cortisol levels are decreased and insulin and cholecystokinin levels are increased. These effects last from 1 to several weeks after the last injection. After repeated oxytocin treatment weight gain may be promoted and the healing rate of wounds increased. Most behavioral and physiological effects induced by oxytocin can be blocked by oxytocin antagonists. In contrast, the antistress effects can not, suggesting that unidentified oxytocin receptors may exist. The prolonged latency in the tail-flick test can be temporarily reversed by administration of naloxone, suggesting that endogenous opioid activity has been increased by the oxytocin injections. In contrast, the long-term lowering of blood pressure and of cortisol levels as well as the sedative effects of oxytocin have been found to be related to an increased activity of central alpha(2)-adrenoceptors. Positive social interactions have been related to health-promoting effects. Oxytocin released in response to social stimuli may be part of a neuroendocrine substrate which underlies the benefits of positive social experiences. Such processes may in addition explain the health-promoting effects of certain alternative therapies. Because of the special properties of oxytocin, including the fact that it can become conditioned to psychological state or imagery, oxytocin may also mediate the benefits attributed to therapies such as hypnosis or meditation. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.