Tracing past human male movements in northern/eastern Africa and western Eurasia: New clues from Y-chromosomal haplogroups E-M78 and J-M12
Tracing past human male movements in northern/eastern Africa and western Eurasia: New clues from Y-chromosomal haplogroups E-M78 and J-M12
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DOI：
10.1093/molbev/msm049
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发表时间：
2007-06-01
影响因子：
10.7
通讯作者：
Scozzari, Rosaria
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cruciani, Fulvio;La Fratta, Roberta;Scozzari, Rosaria
获得了详细的人口数据。精细剖析人类Y染色体单倍群E-M78的新型双等位基因标记的分布。在全球81个人群的6,501条Y染色体样本中，我们发现了517条E-M78染色体，并将其划分为10个单倍群。11个微卫星基因座被用来进一步评估亚单倍群的内部多样性。单倍群和微卫星多样性的地理和定量分析强烈暗示，E-M78起源于非洲东北部，在东非和东非之间有一条双向迁徙走廊(在23.9-17.3Ky和18.0-5.9Ky之间至少有两次)，直接从北非到欧洲的跨地中海迁徙(主要是在最后13.0Ky)，E-M78(E-V13)中的一个单一分支突出了东南欧青铜时代的范围扩张，单倍群J-M12也发现了这一点。分子辐射的系统地理学模式和两个单倍群的合并估计是相似的，并表明该地区的遗传格局在很大程度上是最近人口就地增长的结果，而不仅仅是新石器时代早期西亚移民流动的结果。我们的结果不仅完善了先前的进化假说，而且为非洲北部/东部和欧亚大陆西部过去的人类活动提供了明确的时间框架。
Detailed population data were obtained. on the distribution of novel biallelic markers that finely dissect the human Y-chromosome haplogroup E-M78. Among 6,501 Y chromosomes sampled in 81 human populations worldwide, we found 517 E-M78 chromosomes and assigned them to 10 subhaplogroups. Eleven microsatellite loci were used to further evaluate subhaplogroup internal diversification.The geographic and quantitative analyses of haplogroup and microsatellite diversity is strongly suggestive of a northeastern African origin of E-M78, with a corridor for bidirectional migrations between northeastern and eastern Africa (at least 2 episodes between 23.9-17.3 ky and 18.0-5.9 ky ago), trans-Mediterranean migrations directly from northern Africa to Europe (mainly in the last 13.0 ky), and flow from northeastern Africa to western Asia between 20.0 and 6.8 ky ago.A single clade within E-M78 (E-V 13) highlights a range expansion in the Bronze Age of southeastern Europe, which is also detected by haplogroup J-M12. Phylogeography pattern of molecular radiation and coalescence estimates for both haplogroups are similar and reveal that the genetic landscape of this region is, to a large extent, the consequence of a recent population growth in situ rather than the result of a mere flow of western Asian migrants in the early Neolithic.Our results not only provide a refinement of previous evolutionary hypotheses but also well-defined time frames for past human movements both in northern/eastem Africa and western Eurasia.