Out-of-Tibet: the spatio-temporal evolution of Gentiana (Gentianaceae)
Out-of-Tibet: the spatio-temporal evolution of Gentiana (Gentianaceae)
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DOI：
10.1111/jbi.12840
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发表时间：
2016-10-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Favre, Adrien;Michalak, Ingo;Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra N.
目的研究龙胆属植物的历史沿革和品种分化情况。（龙胆科）。我们的研究描绘了这个高山属的起源和传播路线，以及青藏高原（QTP）的隆起和过去的气候变化作为触发其diversification.LocationTibeto-Himalayan地区和世界范围内的山地habitues.MethodsOur采样的作用代表了超过50%的现存龙胆属物种，包括所有部分在其整个地理范围。我们调查了龙胆的进化历史，使用ITS，atpB-rbcL和trnL-trnF序列的系统发育重建（最大似然和贝叶斯推断），以及与野兽的分子年代测定。我们测试了两种方法的祖先区域重建（DEC，DIVA）在BioGeoBEARS和调查多样化率使用BAMM.ResultsThe龙胆属和亚族龙胆亚科的共同祖先生活在QTP地区在大约34（25-45）百万年前（Ma），和40（29-52）Ma分别。从QTP的周围，龙胆谱系分散到中国东部，台湾，欧洲，北美和南美，澳大利亚和新几内亚，从中新世中期开始（约15 Ma-现在），只有一个更老的分散事件到欧洲（约37 - 21 Ma）。随着时间的推移，多样化率逐渐增加，并确定了两个开关的多样化率在Gentianinae（约7 Ma，同时在Ammonanthe/Cruciata谱系和Tripterospermum）。这一区域是向世界许多地区扩散的主要来源地。由于多样化率的稳步增长与QTP的延长相吻合，我们认为，博物馆理论，而不是爆炸性辐射理论在这一地区的龙胆草占主导地位，虽然罕见的变化的多样化率与整个高山/亚高山生态交错带的生态位变化。
AimWe investigated the historical biogeography and diversification of Gentiana L. (Gentianaceae). Our study depicts the origin and dispersal routes of this alpine genus, and the role of the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) and past climate changes as triggers for its diversification.LocationTibeto-Himalayan region and world-wide mountain habitats.MethodsOur sampling represents more than 50% of the extant Gentiana species, including all sections across their entire geographical ranges. We investigated the evolutionary history of Gentiana using phylogenetic reconstructions (maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference) of ITS, atpB-rbcL and trnL-trnF sequences, as well as molecular dating with beast. We tested two approaches of ancestral area reconstructions (DEC, DIVA) in BioGeoBEARS and investigated diversification rates using BAMM.ResultsThe common ancestor of Gentiana and subtribe Gentianinae lived in the QTP region at around 34 (25-45) million years ago (Ma), and 40 (29-52) Ma respectively. From the surroundings of the QTP, Gentiana lineages dispersed to eastern China, Taiwan, Europe, North and South America, Australia and New Guinea, from mid-Miocene onward (c.15Ma-present), with only one older dispersal event to Europe (c.37-21Ma). Diversification rates gradually increased over time, and two switches of diversification rates were identified in Gentianinae (c.7Ma, simultaneously in the Pneumonanthe/Cruciata lineage and in Tripterospermum).Main conclusionsGentiana existed in the QTP region throughout most of its uplift history following the India-Asia collision. This region acted as the primary source area for dispersals to many areas of the world. Because steady increase in diversification rates coincides with the extension of the QTP, we argue that the museum theory rather than the explosive radiation theory prevails for gentians in this region, although rare shifts of diversification rates are associated with niche shifts across the alpine/subalpine ecotone.