Youth homelessness in San francisco: A life cycle approach
Youth homelessness in San francisco: A life cycle approach
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DOI：
10.1016/s0277-9536(01)00128-9
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发表时间：
2002-05-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Eyre, SL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Auerswald, CL;Eyre, SL
在街头青年中，艾滋病毒危险行为和淋巴流行率特别高。虽然许多计划都是为他们设计的，但街头青年的服务利用率很低。这个以街道为基础的人种学项目的目的是研究这一人群中街头生活的社会和文化背景。通过参与者观察、探索性访谈和半结构式访谈收集数据。从旧金山街头招募的20名街头青年(15-23岁；6名女性)参加了采访。实地笔记和抄本使用归纳技术进行分析，以建立模型。这一分析产生了一个关于青年无家可归者生命周期的建议模型。在第一个街头舞台上，年轻人面临着强烈的心理局外感，以及满足基本需求的紧迫感。这些压力要么导致逃离街头生活，要么导致适应街头文化的过程。街头指导员帮助他们进入街头，他们为年轻人提供生存技能。在停滞阶段，年轻人达到一种微妙的平衡，在这一平衡中，他们可以满足自己的基本需求。强烈的街头道德使年轻人能够将重大冲突和频繁的身体痛苦合理化。处于停滞状态的年轻人一再陷入不平衡，这种危机经常导致他们与主流社会更多地接触。在一次次的失衡之后，一些年轻人从街头生活中解脱出来，在主流社会中找到了新的身份。否则，年轻人会回到街头，在一段累犯的插曲中。生命周期模型表明，最愿意接受干预的街头青年是那些处于过渡状态的人，即刚刚上街的人或处于危机(不平衡)中的人。如果这一模型在更多的青年人群中得到验证，针对生命周期这两个阶段的方案可能会有效地补充现有的方案，这些方案通常侧重于处于停滞状态的青年。(C)2002爱思唯尔科学有限公司。保留所有权利。
HIV risk behaviors and scroprevalence are particularly high among street youth. Though many programs have been designed to serve them, street youth have low rates of service utilization. The aim of this street-based, ethnographic project was to study the social and cultural context of street life in this population. Data were collected by participant observation, exploratory interviews and semi-structured interviews. Twenty street youth (15-23 years old; six female), recruited from street sites in San Francisco, participated in the interviews. Field notes and transcriptions were analyzed using an inductive technique for model building. This analysis yielded a proposed model of the life cycle of youth homelessness. In the first on the street stage, youth face an intense psychological feeling of outsiderness, and an urgency to meet basic needs. These stresses either lead to an escape from street life or to a process of acculturation to the street. Initiation to the street is facilitated by street mentors, who provide youth with survival skills. In the stasis stage, youth reach a tenuous equilibrium in which they can meet their basic needs. A strong street ethic allows youth to rationalize significant conflicts and frequent physical suffering. Youth in stasis are repeatedly thrown into disequilibrium, crises that frequently cause them to conic into greater contact with mainstream society. After repeated episodes of disequilibrium, some youth extricate themselves From street life, finding a new identity in mainstream society. Otherwise, youth return to the street, in an episode of recidivism. The life cycle model suggests that street youth who are most open to intervention are those who are in transitional states, i.e., those who have just arrived on the street or those who are in crisis (disequilibrium). If this model is validated in a larger population of youth, programs that are aimed at these two stages in the life cycle could potentially effectively complement existing programs, which are usually focused on youth in stasis. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.