Dynamics of Solitary Predation by Myxococcus xanthus on Escherichia coli Observed at the Single-Cell Level
Dynamics of Solitary Predation by Myxococcus xanthus on Escherichia coli Observed at the Single-Cell Level
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.02286-19
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发表时间：
2019-11
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Wenchao Zhang;Yan Wang;Huining Lu;Qin Liu;Chuandong Wang;Wei Hu;Kun Zhao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wenchao Zhang;Yan Wang;Huining Lu;Qin Liu;Chuandong Wang;Wei Hu;Kun Zhao
在微生物生态系统中，细菌捕食在细菌的选择和死亡中起着重要的作用。除了其生态和进化的重要性，细菌捕食的许多潜在的应用已经提出。粘细菌粘球菌（Myxococcus xanthus）是土壤微生物群落中的一种捕食性微生物。它的捕食通常被认为是一种与狼群攻击相当的集体行为;然而，个体M。苍耳细胞也能够胜任地导致被捕食细胞的裂解。利用细菌追踪技术，我们能够观察和分析的孤立捕食M。在单细胞水平上研究了黄原胶对大肠杆菌的作用，揭示了捕食者和猎物在此过程中的动态变化。本研究不仅有助于对M. xanthus单独捕食，也有助于解释为什么M.在自然界中，黄虫通常表现出多细胞特征的捕食行为，而单个细胞也具有捕食能力。摘要黄色粘球菌以其独特的社会性和生物学活性，其捕食行为引起了人们的广泛关注。除群体狩猎外，个体M. xanthus细胞能够杀死和溶解猎物细胞;然而，对单独捕食的动力学知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们采用细菌追踪技术，调查了M。在单细胞水平上对大肠杆菌的捕食动力学。对E. coli中的M.利用显微镜观察对黄藻细胞进行了真实的实时监测，并在单独捕食的相对早期阶段鉴定了被捕食细胞的质体。在定量描述了它们的单独捕食行为后，M。发现xanthus细胞对直接接触活的E.大肠杆菌细胞比热杀死或紫外线杀死的细胞，表现出较慢的捕食运动和更快的猎物裂解。根据M. xanthus细胞与猎物接触时，以主导极接触最多。在杀死猎物后，约72%的M。xanthus细胞被发现离开没有彻底降解的裂解猎物，这种居留后的行为被描述为裂解-离开模式，表明单独捕食具有低效率的猎物细胞消耗。我们的结果提供了一个详细的描述单细胞水平的动力学M。xanthus单独捕食从猎物和捕食者的角度。重要性细菌捕食在微生物生态系统中的细菌选择和死亡中起着多种重要作用。除了其生态和进化的重要性，细菌捕食的许多潜在的应用已经提出。粘细菌粘球菌（Myxococcus xanthus）是土壤微生物群落中的一种捕食性微生物。它的捕食通常被认为是一种与狼群攻击相当的集体行为;然而，个体M。苍耳细胞也能够胜任地导致被捕食细胞的裂解。利用细菌追踪技术，我们能够观察和分析的孤立捕食M。在单细胞水平上研究了黄原胶对大肠杆菌的作用，揭示了捕食者和猎物在此过程中的动态变化。本研究不仅有助于对M. xanthus单独捕食，也有助于解释为什么M.在自然界中，黄虫通常表现出多细胞特征的捕食行为，而单个细胞也具有捕食能力。
Bacterial predation plays multiple essential roles in bacterial selection and mortality within microbial ecosystems. In addition to its ecological and evolutionary importance, many potential applications of bacterial predation have been proposed. The myxobacterium Myxococcus xanthus is a well-known predatory member of the soil microbial community. Its predation is commonly considered a collective behavior comparable to a wolf pack attack; however, individual M. xanthus cells are also able to competently lead to the lysis of a prey cell. Using a bacterial tracking technique, we are able to observe and analyze solitary predation by M. xanthus on Escherichia coli at the single-cell level and reveal the dynamics of both predator and prey during the process. The present study will not only provide a comprehensive understanding of M. xanthus solitary predation but also help to explain why M. xanthus often displays multicellular characteristic predatory behaviors in nature, while a single cell is capable of predation. ABSTRACT The predatory behavior of Myxococcus xanthus has attracted extensive attention due to its unique social traits and inherent biological activities. In addition to group hunting, individual M. xanthus cells are able to kill and lyse prey cells; however, there is little understanding of the dynamics of solitary predation. In this study, by employing a bacterial tracking technique, we investigated M. xanthus predatory dynamics on Escherichia coli at the single-cell level. The killing and lysis of E. coli by a single M. xanthus cell was monitored in real time by microscopic observation, and the plasmolysis of prey cells was identified at a relatively early stage of solitary predation. After quantitative characterization of their solitary predatory behavior, M. xanthus cells were found to respond more dramatically to direct contact with live E. coli cells than heat-killed or UV-killed cells, showing slower predator motion and faster lysing of prey. Among the three contact-dependent killing modes classified according to the major subareas of M. xanthus cells in contact with prey, leading pole contact was observed most. After killing the prey, approximately 72% of M. xanthus cells were found to leave without thorough degradation of the lysed prey, and this postresidence behavior is described as a lysis-leave pattern, indicating that solitary predation has low efficiency in terms of prey-cell consumption. Our results provide a detailed description of the single-cell level dynamics of M. xanthus solitary predation from both prey and predator perspectives. IMPORTANCE Bacterial predation plays multiple essential roles in bacterial selection and mortality within microbial ecosystems. In addition to its ecological and evolutionary importance, many potential applications of bacterial predation have been proposed. The myxobacterium Myxococcus xanthus is a well-known predatory member of the soil microbial community. Its predation is commonly considered a collective behavior comparable to a wolf pack attack; however, individual M. xanthus cells are also able to competently lead to the lysis of a prey cell. Using a bacterial tracking technique, we are able to observe and analyze solitary predation by M. xanthus on Escherichia coli at the single-cell level and reveal the dynamics of both predator and prey during the process. The present study will not only provide a comprehensive understanding of M. xanthus solitary predation but also help to explain why M. xanthus often displays multicellular characteristic predatory behaviors in nature, while a single cell is capable of predation.