Help or Harm: The Human Security Effects of International NGOs
Help or Harm: The Human Security Effects of International NGOs
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帮助还是伤害：国际非政府组织对人类安全的影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Amanda Murdie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Amanda Murdie
乐施会或人权观察等国际非政府组织何时真正发挥作用？帮助还是伤害：国际非政府组织对人类安全的影响回答了这个问题，它提供了第一个全面的框架来理解国际非政府组织在人类安全领域工作的影响。与之前许多关于国际关系中国际非政府组织的文献不同，它的理论重点既包括倡导性国际非政府组织（如国际特赦组织或绿色和平组织）和服务性国际非政府组织（如美国援外合作署或乐施会），前者的主要使命是让目标行为体采取符合国际关系组织立场的政策或行为，后者则主要侧重于商品供应。本书严格而逻辑地评估了具有异质潜在动机的国际非政府组织如何与对倡导和服务提供至关重要的其他参与者互动。这一理论框架在冷战结束以来人类安全状况不完善的 100 多个国家的样本中进行了定量检验。这些案例研究小插曲是对本书博弈论逻辑和实证研究结果的“现实检验”。阿曼达·穆迪发现，国际非政府组织可以对人权和发展成果产生强大的影响——尽管这些组织的影响并不是单一的：组织特征的差异（反映潜在动机、问题焦点和国家特点）决定了国际非政府组织这一充满活力和不断增长的力量何时何地能够为人类安全成果做出有效贡献。
When do international non-governmental organizations like Oxfam or Human Rights Watch actually work? Help or Harm: The Human Security Effects of International NGOs answers this question by offering the first comprehensive framework for understanding the effects of the international non-governmental organizations working in the area of human security. Unlike much of the previous literature on INGOs within international relations, its theoretical focus includes both advocacy INGOs-such as Amnesty International or Greenpeace, whose predominant mission is getting a targeted actor to adopt a policy or behavior in line with the position of the INGO-and service INGOs-such as CARE or Oxfam, which focus mainly on goods provision. The book rigorously and logically assesses how INGOs with heterogeneous underlying motivations interact with those other actors that are critical for advocacy and service provision. This theoretical framework is tested quantitatively on a sample of over 100 countries that have exhibited imperfect human security situations since the end of the Cold War. These case-study vignettes serve as "reality checks" to the game-theoretic logic and empirical findings of the book. Amanda Murdie finds that INGOs can have powerful effects on human rights and development outcomes-although the effect of these organizations is not monolithic: differences in organizational characteristics (which reflect underlying motivations, issue-focus, and state peculiarities) condition when and where this vibrant and growing force of INGOs will be effective contributors to human security outcomes.