Atmospheric aerosol episodes over Lithuania after the May 2011 volcano eruption at Grimsvötn, Iceland
Atmospheric aerosol episodes over Lithuania after the May 2011 volcano eruption at Grimsvötn, Iceland
复制标题
2011 年 5 月冰岛格里姆斯沃特恩火山喷发后立陶宛上空出现大气气溶胶
DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.10.014
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
V. Remeikis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Kvietkus;J. Šakalys;J. Didzbalis;I. Garbarienė;N. Špirkauskaitė;V. Remeikis
2011年5月21日冰岛格里姆火山爆发期间，从协调世界时24日07：00到29日底，观测到火山污染物流入立陶宛维尔纽斯的大气表层。一团火山烟羽从格里姆火山口升起，达到19公里的高度。可能的火山源PM1气溶胶源的分析补充了向前和向后的空气质量轨迹，浓度和成分的测量和尺寸分布计算的气溶胶粒子。根据格里姆火山的前向气团轨迹，来自3000 - 4500米层的烟羽从冰岛向东南平流流向不列颠群岛和波罗的海。烟柱到达维尔纽斯，约86小时后从对流层下降到地面。在数据分析的基础上，选取大气亚微米气溶胶颗粒物（PM1）化学成分（硫酸盐、铵、硝酸盐和有机物）浓度时间序列中的4个时段，用Aerodyne四极杆气溶胶质谱仪进行分析，并计算其粒径分辨分布谱。当气溶胶的主要来源是火山时，检测到两个明确的事件，具有定义明确的PM1化学成分的粒径分布谱的积累模式。铵硫酸盐的摩尔比（ASR）在Epple1和2是0.81，这表明硫酸盐颗粒部分被铵中和，并确定火山爆发。然而，在Epple3和4的ASR较高（1.0），并决定了火山和非火山成因的成分。这项研究表明，冰岛格里姆火山的硫酸盐排放达到了3000公里以上的距离，他们可以对当地的浓度和粒度分布谱的PM1化学成分的影响。在火山爆发期间（第1次），硫酸盐浓度增加了3倍，达到PM1的90%，而硝酸盐和有机物水平保持较低且不变。火山硫酸盐的贡献约占维尔纽斯人为硫酸盐平均浓度的250%。
During the eruption of the volcano at Grimsvötn in Iceland (21 May 2011), an inflow of volcanic pollutants to the atmospheric surface layer of Vilnius, Lithuania from 0700 UTC 24 May until the end of 29 May 2011 was observed. A cloud of volcanic plume rose up from Grimsvötn and reached an altitude of 19km. The analysis of possible volcanic origin PM1aerosol sources was supplemented with forward and backward air mass trajectories, concentration and composition measurements and size distribution calculations of aerosol particles. According to the forward air mass trajectories from the volcano at Grimsvötn, the plume from the layer of 3000–4500m was advected southeastward from Iceland towards the British Isles and the Baltic Sea. The plume reached Vilnius and descended from the troposphere to the surface after about 86h. After data analysis, four episodes selected in the time series of the atmospheric submicron aerosol particle (PM1) concentration of chemical components (sulfate, ammonium, nitrate and organics) were analyzed with the Aerodyne Quadrupole Aerosol Mass Spectrometer, and calculations of the size-resolved distribution spectra were made. Two clear episodes were detected when the main source of aerosols was the volcano, with well-defined size distribution spectra of PM1chemical components in the accumulation mode. The ammonium to sulfate molar ratio (ASR) during Episodes 1 and 2 is 0.81, suggesting that sulfate particles were partially neutralized by ammonium and determined by volcanic eruptions. However, during Episodes 3 and 4 the ASR was higher (1.0) and determined by both volcanic and non-volcanic origin components. This study shows that the sulfate emissions from the volcano at Grimsvötn in Iceland reached distances farther than 3000km, and they can have an influence on the local concentration and size distribution spectra of PM1chemical components. Over the period of the volcanic eruption (Episode 1) the sulfate concentrations increased by a factor of 3 and reached 90% of PM1, while the nitrate and organic levels remained low and unchanged. The volcanic sulfate contribution made up about 250% of the average concentration of anthropogenic sulfate in Vilnius.