ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF LONG-TAILED TIT
ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF LONG-TAILED TIT
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1474-919x.1973.tb01974.x
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发表时间：
1973-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
GASTON, AJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
GASTON, AJ
1970年10月至1971年6月期间，研究了牛津Wytham Great Wood的长尾山雀种群的行为和生态。在秋季，鸟群的组成比较稳定，它们占据的领地相对分散，以抵御其他鸟群的入侵。在春季，鸟群的数量减少了约50%，在筑巢前的时期，鸟群只在寒冷的天气或即将栖息之前形成。这些鸟群占据了与秋季鸟群相同的领地，组成鸟群的个体最终在鸟群领地内筑巢。36对中只有9对成功地养育了幼崽。在这9个鸟巢中的6个，多余的鸟帮助喂养年轻人，但这似乎不太可能增加他们的成功，因为所有的年轻人孵化成功。巢中的多余鸟类伴随着所有成年鸟的频繁盘旋。巢的分布与栖息地的关系表明，它们更喜欢灌木丛而不是成熟的林地，尽管后者在冬季被广泛用于觅食。在1955-57年和1971年之间，怀瑟姆大树林的巢址高度似乎发生了根本性的变化，这可能是由于捕食。
The behaviour and ecology of a population of Long‐tailed Tits in Wytham Great Wood, Oxford, were studied between October 1970 and June 1971. Flocks were found to have a stable composition in autumn, and to occupy fairly discrete territories which they defended against other flocks.In spring the population was reduced by about 50% and in the pre‐nesting period flocks formed only in cold weather or just before going to roost. These flocks occupied the same territories as the autumn flocks and the individuals composing them eventually nested within the flock territory.Predation of nests was heavy, increasing to a peak in the first half of May. Only nine pairs out of 36 managed to rear young successfully. At six out of these nine nests, supernumerary birds helped to feed the young, but it seems unlikely that this increased their success, since all young hatched fledged successfully. The presence of supernumerary birds at the nest was accompanied by frequent hover‐displays by all the adults.The distribution of nests in relation to habitat shows that there is a preference for scrub rather than mature woodland, although the latter is used extensively for feeding during the winter. There appears to have been a radical change in the height of nest‐sites in Wytham Great Wood between 1955–57 and 1971, and this is probably due to predation.