Acceleration radiation and the generalized second law of thermodynamics
Acceleration radiation and the generalized second law of thermodynamics
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DOI：
10.1103/physrevd.25.942
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发表时间：
1982-02
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
W. Unruh;R. Wald
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. Unruh;R. Wald
结果表明，对于由大小为 R 的盒子所限制的物质的熵与能量比，贝肯斯坦极限 S/E< 或 =2..pi..R 对于广义热力学第二定律的有效性来说并不需要。如果试图将一个包含静止能量 E 和熵 S 的盒子缓慢放入黑洞中，当盒子悬浮在黑洞附近时，盒子会感受到加速辐射，从而在盒子上产生有效的浮力。因此，在此过程中传递到黑洞的能量存在有限下限，因此面积增加最小，这足以确保满足广义热力学第二定律。通过逆转这个过程，我们可以从黑洞中“开采”能量。还从惯性的角度分析了这些过程的本质，并解释了能量传入和传出黑洞的机制。还分析了平坦时空中加速盒子的类似效应。
It is shown that the Bekenstein limit, S/E< or =2..pi..R, for the entropy-to-energy ratio of matter confined by a box of size R is not needed for the validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics. If one attempts to slowly lower a box containing rest energy E and entropy S into a black hole there will be an effective buoyancy force on the box caused by the acceleration radiation felt by the box when it is suspended near the black hole. As a result there is a finite lower bound on the energy delivered to the black hole in this process and thus a minimal area increase which turns out to be just sufficient to ensure that the generalized second law of thermodynamics is satisfied. By reversing this process, we can ''mine'' energy from a black hole. The nature of these processes is also analyzed from an inertial point of view and the mechanism by which energy is transported into and out of the black hole is explained. Analogous effects for accelerating boxes in flat spacetime are also analyzed.