Stopping Murder by Medicine: Introducing the Model Law on Medicine Crime
Stopping Murder by Medicine: Introducing the Model Law on Medicine Crime
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DOI：
10.4269/ajtmh.15-0154
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发表时间：
2015-06-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Attaran, Amir
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Attaran, Amir
与伪造和不合格药品有关的未经治疗的疾病的医源性大流行是不能容忍的，但有一个合乎逻辑的解释：在许多国家，法律不充分使得制造或分销劣质药品几乎不违法。法律几乎不惩罚那些故意或鲁莽经营假药或不合格药品的人，而显然应该根据这些犯罪者对公共卫生造成的严重甚至致命伤害的比例将其定为刑事犯罪。为了解决这一遗漏，本文提出了一项新的《药品犯罪示范法》，各国可以自由地将其作为加强本国法律的模板。《示范法》包括对制造、贩运或销售劣质药品的刑事禁令；适当处罚违法者的原则；针对网络医药犯罪的专项规定；鼓励举报人与执法部门合作的工具；鼓励发展中国家政府加强其药品监管能力；以及防止法律被滥用的重要例外，例如防止起诉合法的医学研究人员或防止在运输途中扣押高质量的非专利药物。《示范法》经过讨论和解释，并在知识共享许可下免费提供给任何想要实施它的政府。
The iatrogenic pandemic of untreated illness related to falsified and substandard medicines is intolerable, but has a logical explanation: in many countries, inadequate laws make it barely illegal to manufacture or distribute poor-quality medicines. The law hardly punishes those who intentionally or recklessly deal in falsified or substandard medicine, when clearly it should criminalize these perpetrators in proportion to the grievous even fatal injury they inflict on public health. To solve this omission, this article presents a new Model Law on Medicine Crime, which countries may freely use as a template for strengthening their national laws. The Model Law includes criminal prohibitions against manufacturing, trafficking, or selling poor-quality medicines; principles for appropriately punishing offenders; special provisions for Internet-based medicine crimes; tools for encouraging whistle-blowers to cooperate with law enforcement; incentives for developing governments to strengthen their drug regulatory capacity; and important exceptions to prevent the law being abused, such as to prevent the prosecution of legitimate medical researchers or to prevent good-quality generic medicines being seized while in transit. The Model Law is discussed and explained and is offered free of charge under a Creative Commons license to any governments wanting to implement it.