Macrotile: Toward QoE-Aware and Energy-Efficient 360-Degree Video Streaming
Macrotile: Toward QoE-Aware and Energy-Efficient 360-Degree Video Streaming
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DOI：
10.1109/tmc.2022.3233022
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发表时间：
2024-02
影响因子：
7.9
通讯作者：
Xianda Chen;Tianxiang Tan;Guohong Cao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Xianda Chen;Tianxiang Tan;Guohong Cao
基于瓷砖的流技术已被广泛用于在360 $ {}^{\ circ} $∘视频流中保存带宽处理许多小型瓷砖在移动设备上消耗大量能量来解决此问题，我们建议通过考虑流行的观看区域来编码视频。大型尺寸和调整大小以考虑实际问题，例如在某些情况下，用户的观察区域可能不受构造的大型造物的覆盖，然后使用常规的瓷砖方案。 {}^{\ circ} $∘视频流，客户端选择正确的质量级别的正确的瓷砖（大型或一组常规瓷砖），以最大程度地提高QoE，我们将此问题作为一个优化问题。是NP-HARD，然后提出一种启发式算法来解决基于实际头部运动痕迹的广泛评估，我们证明了所提出的算法可以显着改善QoE，节省带宽的使用并减少能源消耗。
Tile-based streaming techniques have been widely used to save bandwidth in 360${}^{\circ }$∘ video streaming. However, it is a challenge to determine the right tile size which directly affects the bandwidth usage. Moreover, downloading and processing many small tiles consume a large amount of energy on mobile devices. To solve this problem, we propose to encode the video by taking into account the viewing popularity, where the popularly viewed areas are encoded as macrotiles. We propose techniques for identifying and building macrotiles, and adjusting their sizes to take into account practical issues such as head movement randomness. In some cases, the user's viewing area may not be covered by the constructed macrotiles, and then the conventional tiling scheme is used. To support macrotile based 360${}^{\circ }$∘ video streaming, the client selects the right tiles (a macrotile or a set of conventional tiles) with the right quality level to maximize the QoE under bandwidth constraint. We formulate this problem as an optimization problem which is NP-hard, and then propose a heuristic algorithm to solve it. Through extensive evaluations based on real head movement traces, we demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can significantly improve QoE, save bandwidth usage, and reduce energy consumption.