Maternal depression and comorbidity: Predicting early parenting, attachment security, and toddler social-emotional problems and competencies
Maternal depression and comorbidity: Predicting early parenting, attachment security, and toddler social-emotional problems and competencies
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DOI：
10.1097/00004583-200101000-00012
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发表时间：
2001-01-01
影响因子：
13.3
通讯作者：
Briggs-Gowan, MJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carter, AS;Garrity-Rokous, FE;Briggs-Gowan, MJ
目的：探讨母亲抑郁与母婴互动、婴儿依恋、幼儿社交情绪问题及能力的关系。第二个目标是探索性别差异。方法：对69对母婴从孕期至产后30个月进行跟踪观察。抑郁通过自我报告和面谈评估被多次测量。产后4个月评估玩耍，14个月评估依恋状态。在30个月时，母亲们完成了儿童行为检查表和婴幼儿社交和情绪评估。结果：终生母亲抑郁预示着母婴互动不那么理想，婴儿依恋不安全。然而，这种“抑郁效应”是由患有共同疾病的母亲解释的，她们的最佳互动较少，而婴儿的不安全感比只患有抑郁症的母亲或没有精神病理的母亲更高。产前和产后抑郁症状与男孩的问题行为和能力低下有关。相反，早期互动的质量可以预测女孩的问题行为。结论：从额外的精神病理和环境风险方面检查母亲抑郁的背景是很重要的。在存在其他精神疾病的情况下，母亲抑郁会给母子二人组带来风险。与以前的工作一致，男孩和女孩的风险途径似乎不同。早期识别和预防工作是必要的。
Objective: To examine relations between maternal depression tin pure and comorbid forms) and mother-infant interactions, infant attachment, and toddler social-emotional problems and competencies. A second objective was to explore sex differences. Method: Sixty-nine mother-infant dyads were followed from pregnancy to 30 months postpartum. Depression was measured at multiple times with self-report and interview assessments. Play was assessed at 4 months and attachment status at 14 months postpartum. At 30 months, mothers completed the Child Behavior Checklist and Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment. Results: Lifetime maternal depression predicted less optimal mother-infant interactions and insecure infant attachment. However, this "depression effect" was accounted for by mothers with comorbid diagnoses, who had less optimal interactions, and infants with higher rates of insecurity than either mothers with depression only or mothers with no psychopathology. Prenatal and postpartum depressive symptoms were associated with problem behaviors and lower competencies for boys. In contrast, quality of early interactions predicted problem behaviors in girls. Conclusions: It is important to examine the context of maternal depression with respect to additional psychopathology and environmental risks. Maternal depression in the presence of other psychopathology confers risk to the mother-child dyad. Consistent with previous work, risk pathways appear to differ for boys and girls. Early identification and prevention efforts are warranted.