Efficient construction of directed hopsets and parallel approximate shortest paths

Efficient construction of directed hopsets and parallel approximate shortest paths
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有向跳跃集和并行近似最短路径的高效构建

DOI:
10.1145/3357713.3384270
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
ACM SIGACT Symposium on Theory of Computing
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Russell, Katina
Russell, Katina
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Cao, Nairen;Fineman, Jeremy T.;Russell, Katina

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近似的单源最短路问题如下:给定一个具有非负边权的图和指定的源顶点,返回从到每个其他顶点的距离的估计,使得估计福尔斯落在真实距离和距离的(1+ 1)倍之间。本文给出了求解有向图上近似最短路问题的第一个具有次线性跨度(也称为深度)的近似工作有效并行算法。具体来说,对于常数k和多项式有界的边权重,我们的算法具有工作量k(m)和spann 1/2+o(1)。一些算法以前已知的情况ofundirectedgraphs,但似乎没有一个技术转化为有向settings. Main的技术贡献是第一个近线性工作算法构造有向图上的跳集。(β,β)-跳集是一组加权边(有时称为捷径),当将其添加到图中时,允许β-跳路径的权重不超过真实最短路径距离的(1+ λ)倍。有一个简单的顺序算法,它以一个有向图作为输入,并产生一个线性基数跳集β=(m n),但它的运行时间是相当高的-特定的(m n)。我们的算法是第一个更有效的算法,产生一个有向跳集具有类似的特点。具体地说,我们的顺序算法在n(m)时间内运行,并构造了一个具有n(n)条边的跳集,β =n1/2+o(1)。该算法的并行版本具有功³(m)和spann 1/2+o(1)。
The approximate single-source shortest-path problem is as follows: given a graph with nonnegative edge weights and a designated source vertexs, return estimates of the distances fromsto each other vertex such that the estimate falls between the true distance and (1+є) times the distance. This paper provides the first nearly work-efficient parallel algorithm with sublinear span (also called depth) for the approximate shortest-path problem ondirectedgraphs. Specifically, for constant є and polynomially-bounded edge weights, our algorithm has work Õ(m) and spann1/2+o(1). Several algorithms were previously known for the case ofundirectedgraphs, but none of the techniques seem to translate to the directed setting.The main technical contribution is the first nearly linear-work algorithm for constructing hopsets on directed graphs. A (β,є)-hopset is a set of weighted edges (sometimes called shortcuts) which, when added to the graph, admit β-hop paths with weight no more than (1+є) times the true shortest-path distances. There is a simple sequential algorithm that takes as input a directed graph and produces a linear-cardinality hopset with β=Õ(√n), but its running time is quite high—specifically Õ(m√n). Our algorithm is the first more efficient algorithm that produces a directed hopset with similar characteristics. Specifically, our sequential algorithm runs in Õ(m) time and constructs a hopset with Õ(n) edges and β =n1/2+o(1). A parallel version of the algorithm has work Õ(m) and spann1/2+o(1).
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