Exposure of breeding albatrosses to the agent of avian cholera: dynamics of antibody levels and ecological implications
Exposure of breeding albatrosses to the agent of avian cholera: dynamics of antibody levels and ecological implications
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DOI：
10.1007/s00442-019-04369-1
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发表时间：
2019-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Boulinier, Thierry
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gamble, Amandine;Garnier, Romain;Boulinier, Thierry
尽管对野生长寿物种的疾病动态和监测具有重要意义，但暴露于潜在高致病性细菌性疾病因子后的免疫反应仍然知之甚少。在威胁野生种群的传染病中，由多杀性巴氏杆菌引起的禽霍乱是一个主要问题。它经常导致野生种群的大量死亡事件，特别是影响印度洋的印度黄鼻信天翁（Thalassarche carteri）的雏鸟。如果成年人能够安装一个长期的免疫反应，这可能会有重要的后果，在当地的宿主社区的病原体的动态和潜在的利益接种繁殖的女性转移免疫力给他们的后代。通过追踪4年来抗多杀性巴氏杆菌抗体的动态变化，并在黄鼻信天翁种群中进行疫苗接种实验，我们发现，尽管接种疫苗和未接种疫苗的个体年存活率很高，但仍有相当比例的成年信天翁自然暴露。因此，成人特异性抗体水平保持足够长的时间，以告知最近的暴露情况。然而，只有低水平的母源抗体可以检测到雏鸟的母亲接种疫苗后的一年。对疫苗配方的修改和首次接种后2年对女性进行重新接种的可能性表明，疫苗有可能引起更强和更持久的反应。这些结果突出了对宿主暴露于野外传染性病原体的长期观察和实验研究的价值，其中生态和进化过程可能对驱动疾病动态至关重要。
Despite critical implications for disease dynamics and surveillance in wild long-lived species, the immune response after exposure to potentially highly pathogenic bacterial disease agents is still poorly known. Among infectious diseases threatening wild populations, avian cholera, caused by the bacterium Pasteurella multocida, is a major concern. It frequently causes massive mortality events in wild populations, notably affecting nestlings of Indian yellow-nosed albatrosses (Thalassarche carteri) in the Indian Ocean. If adults are able to mount a long-term immune response, this could have important consequences regarding the dynamics of the pathogen in the local host community and the potential interest of vaccinating breeding females to transfer immunity to their offspring. By tracking the dynamics of antibodies against P. multocida during 4years and implementing a vaccination experiment in a population of yellow-nosed albatrosses, we show that a significant proportion of adults were naturally exposed despite high annual survival for both vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals. Adult-specific antibody levels were thus maintained long enough to inform about recent exposure. However, only low levels of maternal antibodies could be detected in nestlings the year following a vaccination of their mothers. A modification of the vaccine formulation and the possibility to re-vaccinate females 2years after the first vaccination revealed that vaccines have the potential to elicit a stronger and more persistent response. Such results highlight the value of long-term observational and experimental studies of host exposure to infectious agents in the wild, where ecological and evolutionary processes are likely critical for driving disease dynamics.