Ecotoxicity and Sustainability of Emerging Pb-Based Photovoltaics
Ecotoxicity and Sustainability of Emerging Pb-Based Photovoltaics
复制标题
新兴铅基光伏发电的生态毒性和可持续性
作者：
Lu X
新兴的铅基光伏（PV）技术，特别是溶液处理的卤化物钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）和铅硫属化物量子点太阳能电池（QDSC），是最有前途的下一代PV技术，适用于一系列破坏性能源和电子应用。然而，有害铅物种的潜在毒性和泄漏已成为其大规模应用的主要障碍之一。当太阳能电池受到物理损坏或封装失败时，可能会发生Pb的快速泄漏，这可能会因暴露于外部环境风化条件（如降雨和高温）而加速。在此，对铅在PSC和QDSC中的重要作用以及铅泄漏的常见原因进行了深入研究。铅毒性对土壤植物，细菌，动物和人体细胞的危害影响也进行了评估。综述了近年来在开发有效降低铅泄漏的策略方面的进展，包括无铅或无铅钙钛矿材料、器件结构设计、PSC的封装吸收剂、QDSC的核壳结构和配体交换方法，以及寿命终止太阳能电池的铅回收策略。该综述为生态友好的新兴铅基光伏技术的未来发展提供了定量见解。
Emerging Pb‐based photovoltaic (PV) technologies, including in particular solution processed halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and Pb chalcogenide quantum dot solar cells (QDSCs), are among the most promising next‐generation PV technologies for a range of disruptive energy and electronic applications. However, the potential toxicity and leakage of hazardous Pb species have become one of the main barriers to their large‐scale application. When solar cells are subject to physical damage or failure of encapsulation, rapid leakage of Pb may occur, which can be accelerated by exposure to external environmental weathering conditions such as rainfall and elevated temperature. Herein, an in‐depth investigation on the essential role of Pb in PSCs and QDSCs, as well as common causes of Pb leakage, is undertaken. The hazardous effects of Pb toxicity on soil plants, bacteria, animals, and human cells are also evaluated. Recent progress in developing effective strategies for Pb leakage reduction, such as Pb‐free or Pb‐less perovskite materials, device architecture design, encapsulation absorbers for PSCs, and core–shell structure and ligand exchange method for QDSCs, in addition to Pb recycling strategies of end‐of‐life solar cells are summarized. This review provides quantitative insights into the future development of eco‐friendly emerging Pb‐based PV technologies.