On the problem of boundaries and scaling for urban street networks.
On the problem of boundaries and scaling for urban street networks.
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DOI：
10.1098/rsif.2015.0763
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发表时间：
2015-10-06
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Batty M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Masucci AP;Arcaute E;Hatna E;Stanilov K;Batty M
自从世纪欧拉首次探索著名的柯尼斯堡桥梁问题以来，城市形态就给数学家和物理学家提出了重大的智力挑战。在城市研究中已经观察到许多重要的几何和尺度定律，包括齐普夫定律和吉卜拉特定律，使城市成为统计物理学中有吸引力的分析系统。然而，关于如何界定城市及其边界的广泛共识仍然缺乏。应用一个基本的聚类技术的街道交叉口的空间，我们表明，在英国和加州的最大城市的最大集群规模的增长曲线崩溃到一个单一的曲线，即逻辑。随后，通过引入凝聚阈值的概念，我们表明，城市的自然边界可以很好地定义在一个普遍的方式。这使我们能够系统地研究和讨论城市中存在的一些问题。我们发现，一些缩放律在空间和时间上呈现一致的行为，从而表明城市系统演化的基础上存在共同的原则。
Urban morphology has presented significant intellectual challenges to mathematicians and physicists ever since the eighteenth century, when Euler first explored the famous Königsberg bridges problem. Many important regularities and scaling laws have been observed in urban studies, including Zipf's law and Gibrat's law, rendering cities attractive systems for analysis within statistical physics. Nevertheless, a broad consensus on how cities and their boundaries are defined is still lacking. Applying an elementary clustering technique to the street intersection space, we show that growth curves for the maximum cluster size of the largest cities in the UK and in California collapse to a single curve, namely the logistic. Subsequently, by introducing the concept of the condensation threshold, we show that natural boundaries of cities can be well defined in a universal way. This allows us to study and discuss systematically some of the regularities that are present in cities. We show that some scaling laws present consistent behaviour in space and time, thus suggesting the presence of common principles at the basis of the evolution of urban systems.