Supermarket revolution in Asia and emerging development strategies to include small farmers
Supermarket revolution in Asia and emerging development strategies to include small farmers
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1003160108
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发表时间：
2012-07-31
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Minten, Bart
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reardon, Thomas;Timmer, C. Peter;Minten, Bart
过去20年，发展中国家发生了一场“超市革命”。我们重点关注反映这场革命影响的三个具体问题，特别是在亚洲：转型的连续性、转型中的创新以及独特的发展战略。首先，记录显示，中国、印度尼西亚、马来西亚和泰国在2000年代初的快速增长仍在继续，而“新来者”印度和越南的增长速度更快。尽管外国直接投资很重要，但国内企业集团甚至国家投资的作用也非常重要且独特。其次，亚洲的超市革命展现了零售扩散和采购体系变革的独特路径。农村超市和农村商业中心“早熟”地渗透到农村城镇，其他地区需要更长时间才能启动的生鲜农产品零售业开始渗透，亚洲零售发展中国家跨国连锁店也出现了。在采购方面，现代零售业与新兴和巩固的现代食品加工和物流业之间已经出现了共生关系。第三，正在尝试多种方法将小农户与超市联系起来。其中一些是亚洲独有的，例如将各种公司和服务组装成一个“枢纽”、“平台”或“园区”，将农民与现代市场联系起来。其他对亚洲来说相对较新的方法也出现在其他地方，特别是在拉丁美洲，包括通过建立收集中心和多管齐下的收集和服务提供安排来“为农民带来现代市场”，以及成立市场合作社和农民公司来帮助小农进入超市。
A "supermarket revolution" has occurred in developing countries in the past 2 decades. We focus on three specific issues that reflect the impact of this revolution, particularly in Asia: continuity in transformation, innovation in transformation, and unique development strategies. First, the record shows that the rapid growth observed in the early 2000s in China, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand has continued, and the "newcomers"-India and Vietnam-have grown even faster. Although foreign direct investment has been important, the roles of domestic conglomerates and even state investment have been significant and unique. Second, Asia's supermarket revolution has exhibited unique pathways of retail diffusion and procurement system change. There has been "precocious" penetration of rural towns by rural supermarkets and rural business hubs, emergence of penetration of fresh produce retail that took much longer to initiate in other regions, and emergence of Asian retail developing-country multinational chains. In procurement, a symbiosis between modern retail and the emerging and consolidating modern food processing and logistics sectors has arisen. Third, several approaches are being tried to link small farmers to supermarkets. Some are unique to Asia, for example assembling into a "hub" or "platform" or "park" the various companies and services that link farmers to modern markets. Other approaches relatively new to Asia are found elsewhere, especially in Latin America, including "bringing modern markets to farmers" by establishing collection centers and multipronged collection cum service provision arrangements, and forming market cooperatives and farmer companies to help small farmers access supermarkets.