A Sustained Ocean Observing System in the Indian Ocean for Climate Related Scientific Knowledge and Societal Needs
A Sustained Ocean Observing System in the Indian Ocean for Climate Related Scientific Knowledge and Societal Needs
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DOI：
10.3389/fmars.2019.00355
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发表时间：
2019-06
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
J. Hermes;Y. Masumoto;Y. Masumoto;L. Beal;M. Roxy;M. Roxy;J. Vialard;M. Andres;H. Annamalai;S. Behera;N. D'Adamo;T. Doi;M. Feng;W. Han;N. Hardman-Mountford;H. Hendon;R. Hood;S. Kido;Craig M. Lee;Tong Lee;M. Lengaigne;J. Li;R. Lumpkin;K. N. Navaneeth;Ben M. Milligan;M. Mcphaden;M. Ravichandran;T. Shinoda;Arvind Singh;B. Sloyan;P. Strutton;P. Strutton;A. Subramanian;S. Thurston;T. Tozuka;C. Ummenhofer;A. Unnikrishnan;R. Venkatesan;David W. Wang;J. Wiggert;L. Yu;W. Yu
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文献类型：
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作者：
J. Hermes;Y. Masumoto;Y. Masumoto;L. Beal;M. Roxy;M. Roxy;J. Vialard;M. Andres;H. Annamalai;S. Behera;N. D'Adamo;T. Doi;M. Feng;W. Han;N. Hardman-Mountford;H. Hendon;R. Hood;S. Kido;Craig M. Lee;Tong Lee;M. Lengaigne;J. Li;R. Lumpkin;K. N. Navaneeth;Ben M. Milligan;M. Mcphaden;M. Ravichandran;T. Shinoda;Arvind Singh;B. Sloyan;P. Strutton;P. Strutton;A. Subramanian;S. Thurston;T. Tozuka;C. Ummenhofer;A. Unnikrishnan;R. Venkatesan;David W. Wang;J. Wiggert;L. Yu;W. Yu
印度洋的变暖速度比全球任何海洋都要快，其气候是由低纬度大陆的存在所独特驱动的，这会导致季风和逆流。印度洋沿岸国家和岛屿的粮食、水和能源安全与其气候有着内在的联系，海洋环境产品和服务以及流域内的贸易支撑着这些国家和岛屿的经济。因此，由于区域现象和气候变化对海洋生态系统、季风降雨和海平面的影响，印度洋观测产生了一系列社会需求。印度洋观测系统（IndOOS）是一个持续观测系统，监测盆地规模的海洋大气状况，同时在新兴技术和科学和社会需求方面提供灵活性，并为更多区域和沿海监测提供框架。本文回顾了 IndOOS 的社会和科学动机、现状和未来方向，同时还讨论了加强沿海、陆架和区域观测的必要性。还解决了可持续性和实施方面的挑战，包括能力建设、最佳实践和资源整合。 IndOOS 的效用最终取决于最终用户和决策者的识别和参与，以及一系列产品和决策过程数据的实际可访问性和透明度。因此，我们重点介绍与最终用户参与 IndOOS 相关的当前进展、问题和挑战，以及数据同化和建模社区的需求。对印度洋气候和生态系统状况的了解及其未来的可预测性取决于广泛的社会经济和环境数据，其中很大一部分是由 IndOOS 提供的。
The Indian Ocean is warming faster than any of the global oceans and its climate is uniquely driven by the presence of a landmass at low latitudes, which causes monsoonal winds and reversing currents. The food, water and energy security in the Indian Ocean rim countries and islands are intrinsically tied to its climate, with marine environmental goods and services, as well as trade within the basin, underpinning their economies. Hence, there are a range of societal needs for Indian Ocean observation arising from the influence of regional phenomena and climate change on, for instance, marine ecosystems, monsoon rains and sea-level. The Indian Ocean Observing System, IndOOS, is a sustained observing system that monitors basin-scale ocean-atmosphere conditions, while providing flexibility in terms of emerging technologies and scientific and societal needs, and a framework for more regional and coastal monitoring. This paper reviews the societal and scientific motivations, current status and future directions of IndOOS, while also discussing the need for enhanced coastal, shelf, and regional observations. The challenges of sustainability and implementation are also addressed, including capacity building, best practices, and integration of resources. The utility of IndOOS ultimately depends on the identification of, and engagement with, end-users and decision-makers and on the practical accessibility and transparency of data for a range of products and for decision-making processes. Therefore we highlight current progress, issues and challenges related to end user engagement with IndOOS, as well as the needs of the data assimilation and modelling communities. Knowledge of the status of the Indian Ocean climate and ecosystems and predictability of its future, depends on a wide range of socio-economic and environmental data, a significant part of which is provided by IndOOS.