Effects of small-sized crucian carp (Carassius carassius) on the growth of submerged macrophytes: Implications for shallow lake restoration
Effects of small-sized crucian carp (Carassius carassius) on the growth of submerged macrophytes: Implications for shallow lake restoration
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小型鲫鱼（Carassius carassius）对沉水植物生长的影响：对浅湖恢复的影响
DOI：
10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.06.118
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发表时间：
2016-10
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Li Kuanyi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gu Jiao;Jin Hui;He Hu;Ning Xiaoyu;Yu Jinlei;Tan Bingchang;Jeppesen Erik;Li Kuanyi
恢复浅水富营养化湖泊时，沉水植物的重建被认为是重要的。为了改善水的清澈度，从而改善大型植物的生长条件，已经使用了去除底栖鱼类的方法。然而，在亚热带浅水湖泊，快速招聘的小鱼，特别是底栖动物在恢复过程中，可能会妨碍早期重建沉水植物。鲫鱼（Carassius carassius）和苦草（Vallisneria natans）是亚热带浅水湖泊中常见的优势种。为了研究小型底食鱼类对苦草生长的影响，在12个围隔生态系统中进行了为期28天的室外对照实验，其中鲫鱼有三种密度--低（10 g m-2）、高（40 g m-2）和无鱼（均重复四次）。结果表明，两种鱼类处理均显著提高了叶绿素含量和附着生物量，其中以高密度处理的叶绿素a含量最高。这与营养物浓度的增加相一致，可能是由鱼类沉积物扰动和排泄介导的，以及浮游动物生物量的减少（藻类放牧减少）。随着鱼类密度的增加，无机悬浮固体的浓度增加，进一步增加了浊度，导致大型植物的阴影。相应地，V.与对照组相比，低密度和高密度下的natans均显著降低，但这种影响不依赖于鱼类密度。然而，平均叶长上升，增加鱼类密度，可能使植物获得更多的光。总的来说，我们的研究结果表明，不仅是大型的鲤鱼，经常表现出，但也小尺寸的鲫鱼沉水植物重建的制约，我们的结论是，鲫鱼可能会阻碍恢复工作在亚热带浅水湖泊。因此，通过生物操纵恢复也应该针对小型鲫鱼。
Reestablishment of submerged macrophytes is considered important when restoring shallow eutrophic lakes. To improve water clarity and consequently the growth conditions of macrophytes, removal of plankti-benthivorous fish has been used. In sub-tropical shallow lakes, however, rapid recruitment of small fish, especially benthivores during restoration, may hamper early reestablishment of submerged macrophytes. Crucian carp (Carassius carassius) andVallisneria natansare common species dominated in sub-tropical shallow lakes. To investigate the effect of small benthivorous fish on the growth ofVallisneria natans, a 28-day outdoor controlled experiment was undertaken in 12 mesocosms with three densities ofCarassius carassius− low (10 g m−2), high (40 g m−2) and no fish (all in four replicates). The results showed that the fish significantly increased chlorophyll-aconcentrations and periphyton biomass in both fish treatments, most significantly at high density for Chla. This concurs with an increase in nutrient concentrations, likely mediated by fish sediment disturbance and excretion, and a reduction of zooplankton biomass (less algal grazing). Increased concentrations of inorganic suspended solids with increasing fish density further enhanced turbidity, causing shading of the macrophytes. Accordingly, the relative growth rate, ramet number and root/leaf ratio ofV. natansdecreased significantly at low and high fish density compared with the controls, but the effects did not depend on fish density. However, mean leaf length rose with increasing fish density, likely to allow the plants to obtain more light. Overall, our results show that not only large-bodied carp, as demonstrated frequently, but also small-sized crucian carp posed a constraint on submerged macrophyte reestablishment, and we conclude that crucian carp may hamper restoration efforts in sub-tropical shallow lakes. Restoration by biomanipulation should therefore target also small-sized crucian carp.
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通讯作者：
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