Oligodendrocytes: Myelination and Axonal Support
Oligodendrocytes: Myelination and Axonal Support
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DOI：
10.1101/cshperspect.a020479
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Nave, Klaus-Armin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Simons, Mikael;Nave, Klaus-Armin
有髓神经纤维已经进化到能够在神经系统中快速有效地传导电信号。为了充当电绝缘体，髓鞘通过中枢神经系统 (CNS) 轴突周围的少突胶质细胞质膜的螺旋包裹和随后的压缩而形成多层膜结构。目前的证据表明髓鞘不仅仅是一种惰性的绝缘膜结构。少突胶质细胞具有代谢活性，并通过富含细胞质的髓鞘通道与下方的轴突功能性连接，以实现大分子在髓鞘下的节间轴突周围空间的运动。这篇综述总结了我们目前对髓磷脂如何产生以及少突胶质细胞在支持有髓轴突长期完整性中的作用的理解。
Myelinated nerve fibers have evolved to enable fast and efficient transduction of electrical signals in the nervous system. To act as an electric insulator, the myelin sheath is formed as a multilamellar membrane structure by the spiral wrapping and subsequent compaction of the oligodendroglial plasma membrane around central nervous system (CNS) axons. Current evidence indicates that the myelin sheath is more than an inert insulating membrane structure. Oligodendrocytes are metabolically active and functionally connected to the subjacent axon via cytoplasmic-rich myelinic channels for movement of macromolecules to and from the internodal periaxonal space under the myelin sheath. This review summarizes our current understanding of how myelin is generated and also the role of oligodendrocytes in supporting the long-term integrity of myelinated axons.