Prevalence of olfactory impairment in older adults
Prevalence of olfactory impairment in older adults
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DOI：
10.1001/jama.288.18.2307
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发表时间：
2002-11-13
影响因子：
120.7
通讯作者：
Nondahl, DM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Murphy, C;Schubert, CR;Nondahl, DM
背景老年人是美国人口中增长最快的群体，视力和听力障碍的患病率已被广泛评估。然而，尽管嗅觉对营养和安全的重要性，嗅觉障碍在美国老年人中的患病率还没有被研究过。参加5年随访检查的53至97岁居民（1998-2000）的听力损失流行病学研究，这是一项以人群为基础的横断面研究。由圣地亚哥气味识别测试和自我报告评估。结果嗅觉障碍的平均患病率为24.5%（1.7%）。患病率随着年龄的增长而增加; 80- 97岁的老年人中有62.5%（95%置信区间[CI]，57.4%-67.7%）有嗅觉障碍。嗅觉障碍在男性中更为普遍（校正后的患病率为1.92; 95%CI为1.65-2.19）。目前吸烟、中风、癫痫、鼻塞或上呼吸道感染也与嗅觉障碍患病率增加相关。自我报告的嗅觉障碍较低（9.5%），这项措施随着年龄的增长变得不那么准确。在年龄最大的群体（80至97岁）中，女性自我报告的敏感性为12%，男性为18%。结论这项研究表明，老年人嗅觉障碍的患病率很高，并且随着年龄的增长而增加。自我报告显着低估了嗅觉测试获得的患病率。医生和护理人员应特别警惕老年人嗅觉障碍的可能性。
Context Older adults represent the fastest-growing segment of the US population, and prevalences of vision and hearing impairment have been extensively evaluated. However, despite the importance of sense of smell for nutrition and safety, the prevalence of olfactory impairment in older US adults has not been studied.Objective To determine the prevalence of olfactory impairment in older adults.Design, Setting, and Participants A total of 2491 Beaver Dam, Wis, residents aged 53 to 97 years participating in the 5-year follow-up examination (1998-2000) for the Epidemiology of Hearing Loss Study, a population-based, cross-sectional study.Main Outcome Measures Olfactory impairment, assessed by the San Diego Odor Identification Test and self-report..Results The mean (SD) prevalence of impaired olfaction was 24.5% (1.7%). The prevalence increased with age; 62.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 57.4%-67.7%) of 80- to 97-year-olds had olfactory impairment. Olfactory impairment was more prevalent among men (adjusted prevalence ratio, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.65-2.19). Current smoking, stroke, epilepsy, and nasal congestion or upper respiratory tract infection were also associated with increased prevalence of olfactory impairment. Self-reported olfactory impairment was low (9.5%) and this measure became less accurate with age. In the oldest group, aged 80 to 97 years, sensitivity of self-report was 12% for women and 18% for men.Conclusions This study demonstrates that prevalence of olfactory impairment among older adults is high and increases with age. Self-report significantly underestimated prevalence rates obtained by olfaction testing. Physicians and caregivers should be particularly alert to the potential for olfactory impairment in the elderly population.