Insomnia: epidemiology, characteristics, and consequences.
Insomnia: epidemiology, characteristics, and consequences.
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DOI：
10.1016/s1098-3597(03)90031-7
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发表时间：
2003-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Roehrs, Timothy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Roth, Thomas;Roehrs, Timothy
失眠是难以启动和维持睡眠或经历不清醒睡眠的症状，并与白天的后果有关。虽然失眠通常是继发于医学，精神病学，昼夜节律或睡眠障碍，但它也可能是原发性疾病。据估计，原发性失眠发生在所有慢性失眠患者中的25%。它被假设为一种过度觉醒的障碍，这已经得到了自主神经系统和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴功能研究的支持。慢性失眠在10%的成年人中普遍存在。年龄、性别、医学和精神疾病以及轮班工作都代表了慢性失眠的风险增加。失眠症的发病率因病因而异。虽然短暂性失眠会导致嗜睡和心理表现受损，但慢性失眠与缺勤、频繁事故、记忆障碍和更大的医疗保健利用有关。失眠的最一致的影响是抑郁症的高风险。
Insomnia is a symptom of difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep or experiencing nonrefreshing sleep and is associated with daytime consequences. Although insomnia is typically secondary to a medical, psychiatric, circadian, or sleep disorder, it can also be a primary disorder. Primary insomnia is estimated to occur in 25% of all chronic insomnia patients. It is hypothesized to be a disorder of hyperarousal, which has been supported by research on the autonomic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function. Chronic insomnia is prevalent in 10% of the adult population. Age, sex, medical and psychiatric disease, and shift work all represent an increased risk of chronic insomnia. The morbidity of insomnia varies as a function of etiology. While transient insomnia produces sleepiness and impairment in psychomotor performance, chronic insomnia is associated with absenteeism, frequent accidents, memory impairment, and greater health care utilization. The most consistent impact of insomnia is a high risk of depression.