Mycobacterium bovis infection in a dog
Mycobacterium bovis infection in a dog
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DOI：
10.1136/vr.159.2.46
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发表时间：
2006-07-08
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
de la Rua-Domenech, R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ellis, M. D.;Davies, S.;de la Rua-Domenech, R.
结核病（TB）是由结核分枝杆菌复合体引起的哺乳动物慢性传染病。牛分枝杆菌是牛中绝大多数TB事件（牛TB）的原因，与结核分枝杆菌复合群的其他微生物相比，其宿主范围较广，并且对人类具有传染性（O 'Reilly and Daborn 1995，Daborins 2001，de莱尔and others 2001）。在易感种属中，牛支原体感染通常导致慢性、进行性和主要呼吸道疾病（弗朗西斯1958，O 'Reilly和Daborn 1995）。尽管家畜是该细菌的天然宿主和主要宿主，但所有陆生哺乳动物对牛支原体感染的敏感程度取决于暴露水平、先天抗性水平、主要免疫途径、饲养类型、人口密度、与其他易感物种的相互作用和栖息地类型（Morris等人，1994年）。然而，维持感染并将牛支原体传播给其他动物的能力在物种之间存在很大差异（Reinins 2001，de莱尔and others 2001）。这篇简短的文章描述了牛型支原体与一只成年宠物狗之间的不寻常隔离。2004年11月，一只六岁的雄性边境牧羊犬，一只生活在威尔特郡北部乡村的家养宠物，被送到MDE诊所，有两个月的模糊无精打采、食欲不振和体重减轻的病史。在临床检查中，犬出现发热（40· 3 C），但未检测到其他异常。由于该疾病的潜在慢性性，初步检查包括血清生化、血液学和尿分析，结果显示碱性磷酸酶活性仅轻度升高（312 iu/l，参考范围< 130 iu/l）。该犬的既往病史包括5个月大时不明原因的重度腹泻和心包积液，需要在该表现前约1年进行手术。对犬进行不明原因发热治疗，最初似乎对抗生素（多西环素，每日一次）和注射非甾体抗炎药（卡洛芬）反应良好。6天后，该犬再次出现口渴和呕吐症状，这些症状在前24小时内开始，在此期间频率增加。临床检查显示粘膜轻微苍白，但其他无异常。这只狗被允许进一步调查。重复血清生化检查显示许多参数升高，包括丙氨酸氨基转移酶（81· 8 IU/L，参考范围5 - 60 IU/L），碱性磷酸酶（836· 8 iu/l，参考范围< 130 iu/l），总胆红素（43· 9 µmol/l，参考范围0· 1 - 5· 1 µmol/l）、胆汁酸（61· 9 µmol/l，参考范围0· 1 - 5 µmol/l）和钙（3· 86 mmol/l，参考范围2· 4 - 3· 1 mmol/l）。该犬患有轻度非再生性贫血（红细胞压积34%，参考范围37%至55%）。其他血液检查，包括剩余血液学、电解质、促肾上腺皮质激素刺激试验和粗凝血时间，均正常。尿液分析、腹部超声检查和胸部和腹部X线摄影也无异常。结果提示进行性肝病。肝活检进行了更明确的诊断。剖腹探查术显示弥漫性苍白、增大的肝脏，所有肺叶边缘变圆。所有其他腹部器官肉眼检查正常。从左内侧、左外侧和右内侧肝叶采集三个楔形活检组织，并提交给IDEXX实验室进行组织学检查。福尔马林
TUBERCULOSIS (TB) in mammals is a chronic infectious disease caused by organisms of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Mycobacterium bovis is responsible for the vast majority of TB incidents in cattle (bovine TB), has a wide host range compared with those of other organisms of the M tuberculosis complex, and is infectious to human beings (O’Reilly and Daborn 1995, Cousins 2001, de Lisle and others 2001). In susceptible species, infection with M bovis often results in a chronic, progressive and principally respiratory disease (Francis 1958, O’Reilly and Daborn 1995). Although domestic cattle are the natural hosts and main reservoir of the bacterium, all terrestrial mammals are susceptible to infection with M bovis to a degree determined by the level of exposure, the level of innate resistance, predominant immunological pathways, type of husbandry, population density, interactions with other susceptible species and type of habitat (Morris and others 1994). However, the ability to sustain the infection and transmit M bovis to other animals varies considerably between species (Cousins 2001, de Lisle and others 2001). This short communication describes the unusual isolation of M bovis from an adult pet dog. In November 2004 a six-year-old male border collie, a domestic pet in a rural village in north Wiltshire, was presented to MDE’s practice with a two-month history of vague listlessness, inappetence and weight loss. On clinical examination the dog was pyrexic (40· 3 C), but no other abnormalities were detected. Due to the potential chronicity of the condition, initial investigations included serum biochemistry, haematology and urinalysis, which revealed only a mildly increased activity of alkaline phosphatase (312 iu/l, reference range< 130 iu/l). The dog’s previous history included severe diarrhoea of undetermined origin at five months old, and a pericardial effusion requiring surgery approximately one year before this presentation. The dog was treated for pyrexia of unknown origin and initially seemed to respond well to antibiotics (doxycycline once daily) and an injection of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (carprofen). Six days later the dog was presented again, this time with increased thirst, and vomiting, which had started during the previous 24 hours and had increased in frequency during that period. Clinical examination revealed slightly pale mucous membranes, but otherwise was unremarkable. The dog was admitted for further investigation. Repeat serum biochemistry showed an increase in many parameters, including alanine aminotransferase (81· 8 iu/l, reference range 5 to 60 iu/l), alkaline phosphatase (836· 8 iu/l, reference range< 130 iu/l), total bilirubin (43· 9 µmol/l, reference range 0· 1 to 5· 1 µmol/l), bile acids (61· 9 µmol/l, reference range 0· 1 to 5 µmol/l) and calcium (3· 86 mmol/l, reference range 2· 4 to 3· 1 mmol/l). The dog had a mild non-regenerative anaemia (haematocrit 34 per cent, reference range 37 to 55 per cent). Other blood tests, including the remaining haematology, electrolytes, adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test and crude clotting times, were all normal. Urinalysis, abdominal ultrasound examination, and thoracic and abdominal radiography were also unremarkable. The results were suggestive of progressive liver disease. Liver biopsies were taken for a more definitive diagnosis. An exploratory laparotomy revealed a diffusely pale, enlarged liver with rounding of all lobe edges. All other abdominal organs were macroscopically normal. Three wedge biopsies were taken from the left medial, left lateral and right medial liver lobes and submitted to IDEXX Laboratories for histological examination. Formalin …