Emotional expression in music: contribution, linearity, and additivity of primary musical cues
Emotional expression in music: contribution, linearity, and additivity of primary musical cues
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00487
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发表时间：
2013-07-30
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Bresin, Roberto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eerola, Tuomas;Friberg, Anders;Bresin, Roberto
本研究的目的是系统地操纵音乐线索，以确定音乐的哪些方面有助于情感表达，以及这些线索是以相加的方式还是以交互的方式运作，以及线索水平是否可以被表征为线性或非线性。在四个不同的音乐例子中，使用了优化的析因设计，并使用了六个主要音乐提示(调式、节奏、动态、清晰度、音色和音域)。听众根据四种感知的情感特征(快乐、悲伤、平静和恐惧)对200个音乐范例进行评分。结果显示，所有线索都有稳健的效果，并通过多元回归确定了这些线索的排序重要性。最重要的线索是模式，紧随其后的是节奏、音域、力度、清晰度和音色，尽管排名因情绪而异。第二个主要结果表明，大多数线索水平对情绪的影响是线性的，解释了评分差异的77%-89%。线索的二次编码确实导致了模型的微小但显著的增加(0-8%)。最后，线索之间的交互作用是不存在的，这表明线索主要是以相加的方式运作的，这证实了最近关于音乐中情感表达的发现(Juslin和Lindstrom，2010)。
The aim of this study is to manipulate musical cues systematically to determine the aspects of music that contribute to emotional expression, and whether these cues operate in additive or interactive fashion, and whether the cue levels can be characterized as linear or non-linear. An optimized factorial design was used with six primary musical cues (mode, tempo, dynamics, articulation, timbre, and register) across four different music examples. Listeners rated 200 musical examples according to four perceived emotional characters (happy, sad, peaceful, and scary). The results exhibited robust effects for all cues and the ranked importance of these was established by multiple regression. The most important cue was mode followed by tempo, register, dynamics, articulation, and timbre, although the ranking varied across the emotions. The second main result suggested that most cue levels contributed to the emotions in a linear fashion, explaining 77-89% of variance in ratings. Quadratic encoding of cues did lead to minor but significant increases of the models (0-8%). Finally, the interactions between the cues were non-existent suggesting that the cues operate mostly in an additive fashion, corroborating recent findings on emotional expression in music (Juslin and Lindstrom, 2010).