In-residence, multiple route exposures to chlorpyrifos and diazinon estimated by indirect method models
In-residence, multiple route exposures to chlorpyrifos and diazinon estimated by indirect method models
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DOI：
10.1016/s1352-2310(00)00474-x
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发表时间：
2001-01-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Robertson, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moschandreas, DJ;Kim, Y;Robertson, G
国家人类接触评估调查（NHEXAS）的目标之一是估计多种介质中几种污染物的接触情况，并确定其在亚利桑那州人口中的分布。本文介绍了建模方法，用于估计毒死蜱和二嗪农在住宅微环境中使用的数据库在亚利桑那州（NHEXAS-AZ）产生的暴露分布。采用四阶段概率抽样设计进行样本选择。使用间接暴露计算方法估计农药暴露量，方法是将两种农药在多种介质中的测量浓度与调查问卷信息（如受试者在室内度过的时间、他们食用的饮食和非饮食项目以及他们接触的区域）相结合。毒死蜱和二嗪农的居民暴露分布大多数为对数正态或接近对数正态。暴露于毒死蜱和二嗪农因农药和途径以及受试者的各种人口统计学特征而异。比较暴露于农药进行了调查之间的亚组人口类别，包括性别？年龄、少数民族地位、教育、家庭收入、家庭居住类型、住宅建造年份、农药使用和住宅内地毯面积，住宅内地毯面积较大的居民比地毯覆盖较少地区的居民在所有路线上都有更高的农药暴露。根据不同的途径，确定了接触农药的其他几个决定因素，但无法确定几个亚人口群体之间接触差异的明确模式。(C)2001爱思唯尔科技有限公司版权所有。
One of the objectives of the National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS) is to estimate exposures to several pollutants in multiple media and determine their distributions for the population of Arizona. This paper presents modeling methods used to estimate exposure distributions of chlorpyrifos and diazinon in the residential microenvironment using the database generated in Arizona (NHEXAS-AZ). A four-stage probability sampling design was used for sample selection. Exposures to pesticides were estimated using the indirect method of exposure calculation by combining measured concentrations of the two pesticides in multiple media with questionnaire information such as time subjects spent indoors, dietary and non-dietary items they consumed, and areas they touched. Most distributions of in-residence exposure to chlorpyrifus and diazinon were log-normal or nearly log-normal. Exposures to chlorpyrifos and diazinon vary by pesticide and route as well as by various demographic characteristics of the subjects. Comparisons of exposure to pesticides were investigated among subgroups of demographic categories, including gender? age, minority status, education, family income, household dwelling type, year the dwelling was built, pesticide use, and carpeted areas within dwellings, Residents with large carpeted areas within their dwellings have higher exposures to both pesticides for all routes than those in less carpet-covered areas. Depending on the route, several other determinants of exposure to pesticides were identified, but a clear pattern could not be established regarding the exposure differences between several subpopulation groups. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.