Genomics of Plant Genetic Resources
Genomics of Plant Genetic Resources
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植物遗传资源基因组学
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发表时间：
2014
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通讯作者：
Frison Emile
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作者：
R. Tuberosa;Graner Andreas;Frison Emile
自古以来，甜菜的叶子就被用作营养品，而膨胀的根是中世纪最早的甜味剂之一，可以在冬天储存。直到世纪，人们才发现甘蔗和甜菜根的甜味依赖于相同的糖分子。甜菜育种的主要突破是选择甜菜后代，与它们的野生祖先不同，在生长的第一年不开花，与高根相关，因此糖产量。这是甜菜的诞生，甜菜成为欧洲的主要作物，后来在世界范围内。遗传学表明，从一年生甜菜到二年生甜菜的转变主要依赖于一个基因：“抽薹基因”B。然而，来自模式植物的研究表明，开花的调节是复杂的，涉及许多调节途径，这些调节途径感知、识别和整合内源和环境线索以微调开花。因此，广泛的方法来研究开花时间在甜菜已经开始，包括正向和反向遗传研究，以阐明的分子性质的B以及其他组件的什么是可能的复杂的监管网络也在甜菜。本章将简要介绍甜菜利用和育种的历史，以及最近和目前为了解甜菜开花时间的调节所做的努力的策略和结果。1.1甜菜作物及其栽培和野生近缘种甜菜（B。vulgaris L. SSP. vulgaris Sugar Beet Group）是唯一一个在温和气候条件下贮藏蔗糖的品种。它属于Beta属，现在被归为苋科（以前的藜科）藜科亚科（被子植物系统发生组2009）。C. Jung（）· S.梅尔泽· A. E. Müller植物育种研究所，Christian-Albrechts-Kiel基尔大学，Olshausenstr. 40，24098基尔，德国电子邮件：c. plantbreeding.uni-kiel.de A. E. Müller Strube Research GmbH & Co. KG，Hauptstraße 1，38387 Söllingen，德国R. Ambrosa等人（编辑），植物遗传资源的基因组学，3 DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-7575-6_1，© Springer Science+Business Media多尔德雷赫特2014
Leaves from beets have been used since ancient times for nutrition and the swollen roots were one of the first sweeteners in the Middle Ages that could be stored through the winter. Breeding of beets to increase sugar content began only in the 18th century, after it was uncovered that the nature of the sweet taste of sugar cane and that of beet roots relies on the same sugar molecule. The major breakthrough in breeding sugar beet was the selection of beet progenies that, unlike their wild ancestors, did not flower in the first year of growth, correlating to a high root and thus sugar yield. This was the birth of the sugar beet that became a major crop in Europe and later on worldwide. Genetics has shown that the switch from annual to biennial beets relies mainly on one gene: the ‘bolting gene’ B. However, research from model plants has shown that the regulation of flowering is complex and involves many regulatory pathways, which perceive, transduce and integrate both endogenous and environmental cues for the fine tuning of flowering. Therefore, broad approaches to study flowering time in beets have been initiated, including both forward and reverse genetic studies to elucidate the molecular nature of B as well as other components of what is likely an intricate regulatory network also in beet. This chapter will give a short history of beet use and breeding as well as strategies and results from recent and current efforts to understand the regulation of flowering time in sugar beet. 1.1 The Sugar Beet Crop and Its Cultivated and Wild Relatives Sugar beet (B. vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris Sugar Beet Group) is the only sucrose-storing species of moderate climates. It belongs to the genus Beta that is now grouped in the Amaranthaceae (formerly Chenopodiaceae) subfamily Chenopodiaceae (The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2009). C. Jung ( ) · S. Melzer · A. E. Müller Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany e-mail: c.jung@plantbreeding.uni-kiel.de A. E. Müller Strube Research GmbH & Co. KG, Hauptstraße 1, 38387 Söllingen, Germany R. Tuberosa et al. (eds.), Genomics of Plant Genetic Resources, 3 DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-7575-6_1, © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014