Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of compounds with pharmaceutical importance from microalgae
Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of compounds with pharmaceutical importance from microalgae
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DOI：
10.1016/s0020-1693(03)00363-3
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发表时间：
2003-12-03
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Palavra, AF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mendes, RL;Nobre, BP;Palavra, AF
四种微藻（Botryococcus braunii，Chlorella vulgaris，Dunaliella salina，Arthrospira maxima）是超临界CO萃取研究的对象，其在流动装置中在313.1和333.1 K之间的温度和高达35.0 MPa的压力下进行。布朗葡萄球菌（Botryococcus braunii）产生胞外二烯烃。在313.1 K和12.5的压力下获得的超临界萃取物。20.0和30.0 MPa时，所得产物呈金黄色，澄清透明，与有机溶剂所得产物不同。这种微沸物的烃被选择性地萃取，并且这种选择性随着压力而增加。微藻小球藻是类胡萝卜素的生产者，可生产黄质和虾青素。在35.0 MPa和328.1 K的压力下，比较了完整、粉碎和轻微粉碎的藻类的脂质和类胡萝卜素的提取率。比较了几种压力和温度条件下超临界萃取类胡萝卜素的产率。在恒定温度下随压力增加，在27.5和35.0 MPa的压力下随温度几乎保持恒定，在20.0 MPa下随温度降低。第三个被研究的是杜氏盐藻。其高产率地产生β-胡萝卜素。将来自该植物的天然β-胡萝卜素（顺式和反式混合物）置于超临界二氧化碳中，并在高达30.0 MPa的压力和313.1 K的温度下评估，两种异构体均呈现出比合成的反式-β-胡萝卜素更高的溶解度，并且顺式异构体比反式异构体更易溶于超临界CO2中。此外，它表明，顺式/反式的比例，在超临界萃取物中，显着增加，相对于原来的一个在微萃取，当杜氏藻提交到超临界CO2。蓝藻节旋藻（螺旋藻）极大可以产生大量的γ-亚麻酸（GLA），C18：3 ω 6。超临界萃取的产率和选择性，使用CO2和CO2掺杂的乙醇，脂质和GLA的测定和与有机溶剂得到的那些相比。(C)2003 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。
Four microalgae (Botryococcus braunii, Chlorella vulgaris, Dunaliella salina, Arthrospira maxima) were object of supercritical CO extraction studies, which were carried out in a flow apparatus at temperatures between 313.1 and 333.1 K and pressures up to 35,0 MPa. The microalga Botryococcus braunii produces extracellular alkadienes. Supercritical extracts obtained at 313.1 K, and pressures of 12.5. 20.0 and 30.0 MPa, were golden and limpid, unlike those obtained with organic solvents. The hydrocarbons of this microalga were selectively extracted and this selectivity increased with pressure. The microalga Chlorella vulgaris is a carotenoid producer of canthaxanthin and astaxanthin. The extraction yields of lipids and carotenoids were compared for whole, crushed and slightly crushed algae at a pressure of 35.0 MPa and a temperature of 328.1 K. The yield of supercritical extraction of carotenoids was also compared at several conditions of pressure and temperature. It increased with pressure at constant temperature, remained practically constant with temperature, at pressures of 27.5 and 35.0 MPa, and decreased with temperature at 20.0 MPa. The third alga studied was the Dunaliella salina. which produces P-carotene in high yield. Natural beta-carotene (cis and trans mixture) from this alga was submitted to supercritical carbon dioxide and it was assessed, at pressures up to 30.0 MPa and temperature of 313.1 K, that both isomers presented higher solubility than the synthetic trans-beta-carotene and that the cis isomer was much more soluble in supercritical CO2 than the trans isomer. Moreover, it was shown that the cis/trans ratio, in the supercritical extracts, increased significantly, relatively to the original one in the microalga, when the Dunaliella was submitted to supercritical CO2. The cyanobacteria Arthrospira (Spirulina) maxima can produce in large amounts the gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), C18:3 omega6. The yield and selectivity of the supercritical extraction, using CO2 and CO2 doped with ethanol, of the lipids and GLA were determined and compared with those obtained with organic solvents. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.