Morphofunctional analysis of the postcranium of Amphicyon major (Mammalia, Carnivora, Amphicyonidae) from the Miocene of Sansan (Gers, France) compared to three extant carnivores: Ursus arctos, Panthera leo, and Canis lupus
Morphofunctional analysis of the postcranium of Amphicyon major (Mammalia, Carnivora, Amphicyonidae) from the Miocene of Sansan (Gers, France) compared to three extant carnivores: Ursus arctos, Panthera leo, and Canis lupus
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DOI：
10.5252/g2010n1a2
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Argot, Christine
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Argot, Christine
描述了法国GETS海尔维斯山中段的大双轮类动物的头骨，并与现存的分类群进行了比较，这些分类群属于熊科(Ursus Arctos)、猫科(Panthera Leo)和犬科(Canis Lupus)。从前肢的角度来看，肩胛骨非常类似于熊，以及肘关节，这意味着习惯性的手臂外展姿势和前脚仰卧的能力。活动的肩关节和巨大的三头肌是现存的熊类和猫科动物的共同特征。有力的手部肌肉组织，短小且分叉的掌骨，以及重要的手腕背屈范围，让人想起熊掌的前足，并表明良好的抓握能力。在轴骨上，复杂的地图集/枢椎、腰椎的形状和一条又长又重的尾巴与猫科动物的相同解剖区域比其他现存的肉食动物更相似。骨盆和股骨，以及膝盖和胫骨-星状关节，也更类似于猫科动物的关节，而不是熊猫科动物，尽管双龙的坐骨和股骨允许更多的被绑架和竖起的姿势。胫骨、跟骨和跖骨的大小和形状与熊的相似。较短的跖骨、分叉的Mt I和强大的后脚肌肉也表明了潜在的抓取能力。因此，表现出一系列熊状和猫状形态相似性的双龙骨骼，应该被称为“熊狮”而不是“熊狗”。
The postcranial skeleton of the amphicyonid Amphicyon major from the middle Helvetian of Sansan (Gets, France) is described and compared to extant taxa belonging to the families Ursidae (Ursus arctos), Felidae (Panthera leo), and Canidae (Canis lupus). From the perspective of the forelimb, the scapula is very similar to that of a bear, as well as the elbow joint suggesting habitually abducted postures of the arm and the ability to supinate the forefoot. The mobile shoulder joint and massive triceps are features shared by both extant ursids and felids. A powerful hand musculature, short and divergent metacarpals, and an important range of dorsiflexion of the wrist recall the forefoot of an ursid and indicate good grasping ability. On the axial skeleton, the complex atlas/axis, the shape of the lumbar vertebrae, and a long, heavy tail are more similar to the same anatomical regions in felids than to any other extant carnivore. The pelvis and femur, as well as the knee and tibio-astragalar joints, are also more similar to those of a felid than an ursid, although the ischium and femur of Amphicyon allowed more abducted and erected postures. The size and shape of the tibia, calcaneum, and metatarsals are more similar to those of a bear. The short metatarsals, with a divergent Mt I and a powerful hind foot musculature also suggest potential grasping ability. Therefore, the skeleton of Amphicyon major that displays a series of bear-like and cat-like morphological similarities would deserve the term of "bear-lion" instead of "bear-dog".