Circulating Nucleosomes and Nucleosome Modifications as Biomarkers in Cancer.
Circulating Nucleosomes and Nucleosome Modifications as Biomarkers in Cancer.
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DOI：
10.3390/cancers9010005
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发表时间：
2017-01-08
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Kerin MJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McAnena P;Brown JA;Kerin MJ
传统上，许多癌症的分层涉及结合肿瘤和临床病理学特征（例如，患者年龄;肿瘤大小、等级、受体状态和位置），以告知治疗方案并预测复发风险和生存期。然而，目前的生物标志物通常需要侵入性切除肿瘤以进行分析，不允许监测对治疗的反应，并将患者分为广泛的异质组，导致治疗反应不一致。在这里，我们探索并描述了使用循环生物标志物（核小体和/或核小体修饰）作为检测癌症和监测治疗反应的非侵入性方法的益处。核小体（DNA缠绕在8个核心组蛋白蛋白周围）负责压缩我们的基因组，它们的组成和翻译后修饰负责调节基因表达。在这里，我们集中在乳腺癌和结直肠癌的例子，其中利用循环核小体作为生物标志物持有真实的潜力，作为液体活检。利用循环核小体作为生物标志物是一个令人兴奋的新研究领域，有望实现癌症的早期检测和治疗反应的监测。基于核小体的生物标志物联合收割机与当前的生物标志物相结合，提高了当前检测的特异性和灵敏度，并有可能为患者提供基于个体化精确医学的治疗。
Traditionally the stratification of many cancers involves combining tumour and clinicopathological features (e.g., patient age; tumour size, grade, receptor status and location) to inform treatment options and predict recurrence risk and survival. However, current biomarkers often require invasive excision of the tumour for profiling, do not allow monitoring of the response to treatment and stratify patients into broad heterogeneous groups leading to inconsistent treatment responses. Here we explore and describe the benefits of using circulating biomarkers (nucleosomes and/or modifications to nucleosomes) as a non-invasive method for detecting cancer and monitoring response to treatment. Nucleosomes (DNA wound around eight core histone proteins) are responsible for compacting our genome and their composition and post-translational modifications are responsible for regulating gene expression. Here, we focus on breast and colorectal cancer as examples where utilizing circulating nucleosomes as biomarkers hold real potential as liquid biopsies. Utilizing circulating nucleosomes as biomarkers is an exciting new area of research that promises to allow both the early detection of cancer and monitoring of treatment response. Nucleosome-based biomarkers combine with current biomarkers, increasing both specificity and sensitivity of current tests and have the potential to provide individualised precision-medicine based treatments for patients.