The Importance of Development for Comparative Primatology
The Importance of Development for Comparative Primatology
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev-anthro-102313-030223
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Leavens, David A.
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文献类型：
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作者：
Bard, Kim A.;Leavens, David A.
众所周知，灵长类动物会发展，但同样重要的是要承认，发展发生在许多领域，包括运动行为、社会情感行为、交流和认知。在这篇综述中，我们关注那些影响婴儿社会认知结果的发展方面。三位一体的活动，如共同注意、合作和有意识的交流，在黑猩猩和人类出生后的第一年就发展起来了。例如，当婴儿在关注一个物体或事件的同时协调他们对一个社交伙伴的注意力时，就会出现共同注意力。类人猿在早期发育过程中受到经验的强烈影响，特别是对这些协调的三合一活动具有基础作用的经验。在当前灵长类动物社会认知的进化理论中，强调了三合一活动的物种差异，但当忽视发展时，关于物种差异的结论是没有根据的。在进行跨物种比较的实验设计中，发育经验必须匹配、控制或系统地变化。考虑跨物种和跨饲养经验的发展，将有助于建立更准确的灵长类动物社会认知进化理论。
It is a truism to say that primates develop, but it is also important to acknowledge that development occurs across many domains, including motor behavior, socioemotional behavior, communication, and cognition. In this review, we focus on those aspects of development that impact social cognition outcomes in infancy. Triadic engagements, such as those of joint attention, cooperation, and intentional communication, develop in the first year of life in chimpanzees and humans. Joint attention, for example, occurs when infants coordinate their attention to a social partner while also attending to an object or event. Hominoids are strongly influenced by experiences during early development, especially experiences that are foundational for these coordinated triadic engagements. Purported species differences in triadic engagements are highlighted in current evolutionary theories of primate social cognition, but conclusions about species differences are unfounded when development is ignored. Developmental experiences must be matched, controlled, or systematically varied in experimental designs that make cross-species comparisons. Considerations of development, across species and across rearing experiences, would contribute to more accurate evolutionary theories of primate social cognition.