Topological Behavior of Plasmid DNA.
Topological Behavior of Plasmid DNA.
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质粒DNA的拓扑行为。
DOI：
10.1128/microbiolspec.plas-0036-2014
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发表时间：
2015-04
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Vologodskii AV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Higgins NP;Vologodskii AV
沃森和克里克发现了DNA的B型结构，导致了生物化学、生物物理学和遗传学领域对核酸研究的爆炸式增长。强大的技术被开发出来，以揭示无数不同的结构构象，改变B-DNA，因为它是转录，复制和重组，并作为姐妹染色体移动到新的子细胞区室在细胞分裂。本文将超螺旋结构和分子拓扑学的最初发现与非B型DNA结构以及当代生物化学和生物物理技术联系起来。重点是质粒研究DNA结构和功能的能力。解释了触发形成替代DNA结构的条件，如左手Z-DNA，分子间和分子内三链体，三链DNA，以及连接的catenanes和hemicatenanes。详细介绍了停滞的复制叉和扭转和结构变化的DNA在前面和后面的转录复合体和复制体的DNA动力学和拓扑问题。拓扑异构酶和丰富的小类核缔合蛋白的复杂和相互关联的作用进行了解释。和方法描述了比较体内和体外反应，以探测和了解活细胞内发生的DNA和染色体化学的时间途径。
The discovery of the B-form structure of DNA by Watson and Crick led to an explosion of research on nucleic acids in the fields of biochemistry, biophysics, and genetics. Powerful techniques were developed to reveal a myriad of different structural conformations that change B-DNA as it is transcribed, replicated, and recombined and as sister chromosomes are moved into new daughter cell compartments during cell division. This article links the original discoveries of superhelical structure and molecular topology to non-B form DNA structure and contemporary biochemical and biophysical techniques. The emphasis is on the power of plasmids for studying DNA structure and function. The conditions that trigger the formation of alternative DNA structures such as left-handed Z-DNA, inter- and intra-molecular triplexes, triple-stranded DNA, and linked catenanes and hemicatenanes are explained. The DNA dynamics and topological issues are detailed for stalled replication forks and for torsional and structural changes on DNA in front of and behind a transcription complex and a replisome. The complex and interconnected roles of topoisomerases and abundant small nucleoid association proteins are explained. And methods are described for comparing in vivo and in vitro reactions to probe and understand the temporal pathways of DNA and chromosome chemistry that occur inside living cells.