Characteristics of Sea‐Effect Clouds and Precipitation Over the Sea of Japan Region as Observed by A‐Train Satellites

Characteristics of Sea‐Effect Clouds and Precipitation Over the Sea of Japan Region as Observed by A‐Train Satellites
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A-Train卫星观测的日本海地区海效应云和降水特征

DOI:
10.1029/2018jd029586
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Mace, Gerald G.
Mace, Gerald G.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
West, Tyler K.;Steenburgh, W. James;Mace, Gerald G.

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日本西北部冬季(12月至1月至2月)降雪频繁,这是由于日本海(SOJ)上空冷空气爆发期间频繁的海洋效应降水。然而,由于有限的海上原位观测和遥感限制,SOJ地区的海洋效应云和降水知识历来受到限制。本文使用美国国家航空航天局(NASA)的A-Train卫星星座的传感器来研究SOJ区域的冬季海洋效应特性。分析表明,从亚洲到日本,SOJ的云和降水发生率通常会增加,因为潜在的海洋效应时期(沿着轨道平均海面至850 hPa温差≥13 °C)构成了总云和降水的大部分。海洋效应云和降水最常出现在一个弧形区域,该区域从SOJ西部延伸到本州海岸,然后向北延伸到北海道,其中日本海极地气团辐合带(JPCZ)是常见的。沿着A-Train轨道的雷达、激光雷达和水柱路径统计数据显示,海洋效应降水在本州岛中部海岸最沿着,随着向北延伸,降水变得较浅但更频繁。降水量和频率最大沿着海岸和邻近的山区,但下降与内陆的范围,最突然下游较高的山区障碍。这项工作表明,海气相互作用,海岸几何形状和区域地形强烈调制云和降水模式在SOJ地区的海洋效应期间。
Prolific winter (December‐January‐February) snowfall occurs over northwest Japan due to frequent sea‐effect precipitation that develops during cold‐air outbreaks over the Sea of Japan (SOJ). Knowledge of sea‐effect clouds and precipitation across the SOJ region has historically been constrained, however, by limited offshore in situ observations and remote‐sensing limitations. This paper uses sensors from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s A‐Train Satellite Constellation to examine winter sea‐effect properties in the SOJ region. The analysis shows that cloud and precipitation occurrence generally increases across the SOJ from Asia to Japan, as potential sea‐effect periods with an along‐orbit mean sea surface to 850‐hPa temperature difference ≥13 °C comprise a majority of the total clouds and precipitation. Sea‐effect clouds and precipitation occur most frequently in an arc‐shaped area that extends from the western SOJ, where the Japan‐Sea Polar‐Airmass Convergence Zone (JPCZ) is common, to the coast of Honshu, and then northward to Hokkaido. Radar, lidar, and column water path statistics along A‐Train orbital tracks show that sea‐effect precipitation is deepest along the central Honshu coast and becomes shallower but more frequent with northward extent. Precipitation amount and frequency maximize along the coast and adjacent mountains but decline with inland extent, most abruptly downstream of higher mountain barriers. This work illustrates that air‐sea interactions, coastal geometry, and regional topography strongly modulate cloud and precipitation patterns during sea‐effect periods in the SOJ region.
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