Mosaic Subventricular Origins of Forebrain Oligodendrogenesis.
Mosaic Subventricular Origins of Forebrain Oligodendrogenesis.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnins.2016.00107
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Raineteau O
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Azim K;Berninger B;Raineteau O
在围产期以及成人CNS中，前脑的脑室下区（SVZ）是产生神经元和少突胶质细胞（OL）（CNS的髓鞘形成细胞）的神经干细胞（NSC）的最大和最活跃的来源。该领域的最新进展开始阐明SVZ异质性，存在空间隔离的微结构域，其本质上偏向于产生表型不同的神经元群体。虽然大多数研究都集中在神经发生的背景下，这种区域化，新的研究结果强调，这也适用于特定图案化分子控制下的OL的发生。在这篇小综述中，我们讨论了起源以及诱导和维持SVZ区域化的机制。这些都来自特定的信号配体的味道和随后的转录网络的启动，提供了一个基础，细分SVZ到不同的谱系特异性微域。我们进一步强调典型的Wnt和FGF2作为从背侧SVZ的NSC区域发生OL祖细胞的必要信号传导途径。这方面的神经干细胞生物学，迄今为止很少受到关注，可能揭示新的途径，适当招募神经干细胞在脱髓鞘疾病。
In the perinatal as well as the adult CNS, the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the forebrain is the largest and most active source of neural stem cells (NSCs) that generates neurons and oligodendrocytes (OLs), the myelin forming cells of the CNS. Recent advances in the field are beginning to shed light regarding SVZ heterogeneity, with the existence of spatially segregated microdomains that are intrinsically biased to generate phenotypically distinct neuronal populations. Although most research has focused on this regionalization in the context of neurogenesis, newer findings underline that this also applies for the genesis of OLs under the control of specific patterning molecules. In this mini review, we discuss the origins as well as the mechanisms that induce and maintain SVZ regionalization. These come in the flavor of specific signaling ligands and subsequent initiation of transcriptional networks that provide a basis for subdividing the SVZ into distinct lineage-specific microdomains. We further emphasize canonical Wnts and FGF2 as essential signaling pathways for the regional genesis of OL progenitors from NSCs of the dorsal SVZ. This aspect of NSC biology, which has so far received little attention, may unveil new avenues for appropriately recruiting NSCs in demyelinating diseases.